The Fiscal and Monetary Policy and Economic Fluctuations Essay - 3

The Fiscal and Monetary Policy and Economic Fluctuations - Essay Example Interest-rate targets are a vital tool when dealing with variables like inflation and unemployment. Adjustments on the rates are made to keep inflation within a target range so as to ensure economic growth and therefore safeguarding economic momentum. The key reasons for changing interest rates are; to give the economy a short run boost so as to lower interest rates. And to make up for a loss as a result of the interest being subjected to taxation this is achieved by increasing the interest rates Demand side policies and Supply side policies are two strategies that create economic growth by encouraging people to spend money (Mikek, 2000). These strategies base on fiscal policy that is a general term referring to the federal government tax and spending policies. And monetary policies that refer to the actions of the central bank to achieve macroeconomic objectives like; full employment, stable economic growth and price stability. Demand side policies basing on fiscal policy decreases unemployment by helping to increase economic growth rate and aggregate demand (Siu, 2004). With a higher level of the demand and a high economic growth, the level of bankruptcy in firms will go down leading to fewer job losses. Nevertheless, demand for workers will increase thereby lowering demand deficient unemployment. Demand side policies play a role in increasing economic growth rate. However, if the economy is already stable, a further increase in AD will cause inflation and therefore increase in interest rates. Demand side policies based on the monetary policy involves cutting interest rates that lead to decrease in the cost of borrowing and also encouraging people to spend and invest. This increases both GDP and AD thereby reducing demand deficient unemployment (Mikek, 2000). Lower interest rates reduce saving incentives, and mortgage

A Reading of My Papa’s Waltz Essay Example for Free

A Reading of My Papa’s Waltz Essay Theodore Roethke’s â€Å"My Papa’s Waltz† speaks of how a daughter is able to see past the defects of her father with such adoring calm and respect. The poem is playful and innocent, the choice of words child-like, and the rhyme measured at a pace of a child’s anxious breathing. Yet a sense of caution rings true throughout, right from the very first lines down to the end of the poem. There is the unmistakable obedient but anxious anticipation in the part of the child upon seeing his father coming home drunk again. Also, perhaps because of the regularity of her â€Å"waltz† with her father the speaker has committed the details to memory. Waltz as a metaphor for action in the poetry tallies with the words romp—a boisterous frolic; dizzy, slid, step, scraped, beat, time and cling to the shirt among others (Roethke). Literally, waltz is dancing to fast music. The steps are not measured, oftentimes wild but still remains rhythmic and moves to a tune. It is danced with both partners holding to each other for dear life—so to speak, lest one should be thrown off from the repetitive twirls. As it were, at first reading, the poem may admit of several interpretations, yet by giving color to every word that sense which will result from all of the parts taken together, along with death, battered, hard, dirt, whiskey and so on, there is enough that can be gathered to support the conclusion that the â€Å"waltz† as used in the poem, means the abuse of a daughter by a drunk father (Roethke). However, although the work may be largely read as a re-telling of an incident where a father beats his daughter, the way that Roethke plays with the words and imagery makes the work open to several readings: Ones that may not necessarily lean towards violence and abuse. It is easy to read the work with a different view altogether. Nevertheless, the freedom of interpretation is granted solely to the reader due to the multiple meanings that the words and imagery, used in the poetry, convey. At any rate, the use of waltz to describe the beating was a clever touch in that it subtly shows the young girl’s abject fear to a point where harsh and hostile words, from an otherwise meek and mild tone, would only lessen the claim that the beating is regular and harsh. The message is clear that because of the frequency and extent of violence, the young girl is rendered unable to speak ill of the father in this poem but instead is beaten to absolute dread and horror to which only forced obedience is her only weapon. Thus, it would seem that they have danced the â€Å"waltz† before and nothing that eventually happens in the poem is something new or is happening for the first time. The speaker’s recollection of the details is remarkable underscoring the fact that what happened is still fresh in her memory or so etched in her mind so deeply that missing out a fact is impossible. There is the possibility of repetition felt at the end since the speaker makes it a point to show that this shall not be the last time—whilst she clung (desperately) to her dad’s shirt. She knows that it she will have to â€Å"waltz† with her papa soon enough that she prostrates herself at the end of that violent episode, hoping against all hope that there shall no longer be any in the future (Roethske). In the same vein, the poem is addressed to the father, waxing poetry with a meek letter of demand for the beating to stop. The over-all tone and style is apologetic and wishful in manner and in part. It is a technique used to show the attempt of the girl to appeal to the father’s emotions without so much as being violent in the treatment if only not to anger her father in the process. Moreover, the use of the word â€Å"waltz† as an ironic imagery reveals the mental age of the speaker. Consequently, these are hints of the young girl’s age since her tenderness and impressionability as a child coincides with the average year that a girl normally dreams of becoming a princess who waltzes with her prince. Instead, in this instance, it is the young girl and her father—who reeks with alcohol; with the crammed kitchen space as their dance floor, the cluttering of falling pans as the resounding applause; and a helpless mother, whose â€Å"countenance could not unfrown itself† (Roethke), looking on.

Essay --

What is the director ultimately saying about the ways in which hope affects the individual? During the film Shawshank Redemption there is a very prominent theme of hope. Shawshank Redemption demonstrates positive and negative ways in which the main characters Andy, Brooks, Tommy and Red display hope. Through out the movie Frank Darabont gives us an insight to how each character connects to the theme of hope. Each character connects differently to hope. For example andy persevering through digging the tunnel, Red connects to hope by become friends with Andy, Tommy gets his high school diploma and finally Brook, although institutionalized became accustomed to being the librarian for many years of his life time in Shawshank prison The first example of a character connecting to hope is Andy, continuing to stay determined and pushing through abuse with â€Å"the sisters† he is still able to remand hopeful and ultimately escape. After serving almost twenty years in Shawshank prison Andy’s views began to change from hope being non existent to honestly believing that hope was real. After re...

Bertrand Russell disagreed with Berkeleys argument Essay

George Berkeley was an Irish bishop and empiricist. His core philosophy was ‘esse est percipi’ this translates to, to be, is to be perceived. Berkeley believed that both primary and secondary objects were perceiver dependent believed that the world was not was not separate from the mind ergo; he was an immaterialist (we perceive things in the mind). He started his argument for empiricism by stating that in order for things to exist they must be perceived, due to holding this view point he thought that everything depends on the mind. This raises an immediate problem. If everything is perceiver dependent, what happens when an object is not being perceived? Does it simply pop out of existence? This argument does not seem coherent. This is due to the idea being an extremely irrational understanding of the world. The concept can also be disproved. This is because if we could put a video camera into a room and leave it so no one perceived the room and the objects in it and it would not disappear. Berkeley later added to his argument, as an attempt to solve this problem that no object is un-perceived. He claims objects do not disappear out of exist due to there being a constant perceiver, God. This is as God is omnipresent therefore, he always perceives the world. Thus objects do not pop out existence as they are constantly perceived. However by adding the existence of God to his argument it became weak. This is due to a huge assumption. This assumption is that God exists. There are many arguments both for and against God’s existence, such as the teleological argument and the problem of evil. It seems strange to base a theory of object’s existence on a being whose existence is unproven. Bertrand Russell disagreed with Berkeley’s argument for objects existences. Russell argued that if he was sat in his chair and his cat was in one corner of the room and he turned round on his chair and the cat was at the other side of the room, according to Berkeley there was only two possible ways this could have happened. Firstly the cat could have popped out of existence when Russell turned on his chair and then popped back into existence when he had turned back round. Or secondly, the cat could have walked across the room when he was turned on the chair due to God perceiving it. Russell claimed that these two possibilities were irrational and we could not use these two claims for the existence of objects.

An Analysis Of Singapore Airlines Performance Commerce Essay

Singapore Airlines has been a major discovery in the air power universe. It has been systematically been executing good against their rivals. It is besides regarded as the best air hose in the universe. We examine how SIA has achieved its impressive public presentation and be able to stay competitory throughout its history. Besides, we examine the strategic success through distinction by agencies of service excellence and invention, together with cost leading issue. We take into history the critical factors every bit good as organizational factors that provide competitory advantage for Singapore Airlines. We discuss in inside informations about the â€Å" Singapore Girl † , In-flight service, Training, Customer feedback, Team spirit, Tripartite agreement, Strategic hub, Alliances, Governmental Support, Cost-saving. Introduction: SIA started its service as Malayan Airways in 1947. Following a common understanding between the Malaysian and Singaporean Government over the split of the Malaysia Singapore Airlines, two new air hoses were formed viz. SIA and Malaysia Airways. The freshly formed SIA began its operation in 1972. As Malaysia Airways took over the domestic paths, SIA decided to concentrate on international web to vie for paths, acquire the rights to set down on different international airdromes, set up bilateral understandings, buying flight slots and set uping set downing rights. Furthermore, SIA went on to buy Boeing 747 Jumbo jets and besides cargo services were offered excessively. Following 7 old ages in service, the aircraft were traded for new and more efficient aircraft. SIA has a policy of maintaining immature fleet as a scheme for clients to believe of better safety. SIA besides decided to spread out its fleet which included a mix of Boeing and Airbus aircraft. SIA is regarded the best air h ose in the universe following the legion awards they have received. To hold been acclaimed such a good repute and been keeping it for old ages, it has non been an easy nut to check down. Harmonizing to Chan ( 2000 ) analysis, he suggests that SIA has been so successful since they implement a double scheme affecting distinction through first-class in-flight service and invention, together with cost leading in its direction. However, Porter ( 1985 ) argued that distinction and cost leading must be reciprocally sole since they require alternate agencies of investings. Furthermore, we examine the critical and organizational factors involved for the strategic success of SIA harmonizing to the Chan ( 2000 ) instance surveies. 1. Customer Focus Strategy SIA is a service industry. Its top precedence is to heighten client service and besides better the service and merchandise they offer to run into and fulfill clients ‘ demand alternatively of following cost salvaging construct normally implemented by the traditional U.S air hoses. SIA adopt a customer-focused scheme alternatively of concentrating on rivals or themselves foremost. Although it involves a high cost, SIA net income border has non been affected. This clearly shows that if an air hose wants to be successful, it has to take the hazard to offer better client service, which in bend involves higher investing but finally basking a higher output of net income. This is what SIA implemented and so far has been successful in its quest. SIA was besides the first air hose to concentrate on client service construct and besides heightening its repute of supplying quality service and it is ingrained in the heads of clients. This so helps SIA to be in the pole place for sustainable competitory advantage. 2. Marketing Weapon: â€Å" Singapore Girl † Furthermore, in order to develop and implement high quality service criterions, SIA uses the â€Å" Singapore Girl † icon as its selling arm of great cordial reception service to clients. With such a simple and genius thought, SIA has been so successful for the past 25 old ages with no mark of ruin. This has been greatly awarded and has earned a positive and singular repute such that it is being displayed at the Famed Madame Tussaud ‘s Museum in London. The â€Å" Singapore Girl † is ever featured in the advertisement magazines or layouts even if SIA is advancing new finishs, bigger aeroplanes, or even new repasts on-board. This is because the bottom line for SIA is to present quality service and that â€Å" Singapore Girl † is the perfect illustration to show that service. A pilot, an aircraft applied scientist or a celebrated chef will non be suited to present the message of â€Å" quality service † to clients. SIA air hostesss are dressed in a bea utiful Malay sarong kebaya, designed by celebrated manner house, Pierre Balmain ( Chan, 2002a ) . SIA ‘s nucleus competences include marketing accomplishments developed by its top direction and the interpersonal accomplishments of its flight attenders harmonizing to ( Ayob, 2010 ) . Making the flight every bit gratifying as possible is the aim of SIA. 3. Training SIA has adopted a rigorous and selective attack for staff enlisting. It is based on an intensive and comprehensive preparation where the most suited and efficient staffs are selected for an ongoing 4 month class which is considered the longest preparation of all time every bit compared to other air hoses. Some of the specific subjects covered during the preparation are safety, proviso of service reflecting heat and friendliness, beautiful tips, treatments of epicure nutrient, all right vinos and the art of conversation. These subjects antecedently mentioned if good assimilated by the selected campaigners, will supply a major encouragement to SIA and besides to its clients due to the fact that the attenders will hold sensible cognition of the things that clients might inquire during the flight. As these subjects covered up most if non all of the information that usually riders tend to inquire. The preparation is besides conducted during period of economic crisis as it will assist the air hose to travel frontward in service quality betterment as other air hoses might travel back to salvage cost and besides it proves to the staffs that uninterrupted betterment are of import for success ( Kauffman ) . Furthermore, SIA believes that employees play an of import portion in conveying success to the air hose. Its flight attenders, together with its pilots come from different cultural backgrounds and are able to pass on to riders in different linguistic communications depending where they fly to. 4. Customer service and In-flight service In 1972, SIA became the first air hose to supply free nutrient and alcoholic drinks on its flights regardless of category, every bit good as in-flight amusement at no excess cost. Passengers are served with delightful, gourmet nutrient and the flight attenders pay peculiar attending to detail. Furthermore, SIA has one flight attender for every 22 seats which is good above the industry norm. SIA will even function instant noodles on petition. In 1997, SIA introduced the Electronic Ticketing for flights from Singapore to Kuala Lumpur and Penang. In the same twelvemonth, it launched advanced in-flight amusement offering riders sing and listening options from a broad assortment of 20 films, 20 short characteristics and about 50 Cadmiums. Besides, First Class, Raffles Class and PPS Club members were provided internet check-in service when winging out of Singapore in 1996 ( Chan, 2000a, p.7 ) . SIA is besides really good at managing people state of affairs in such a manner that if of all t ime SIA promises to present the baggage in 10 proceedingss, so it will lodge to that promise ( Ramaswamy 2002 ) . Furthermore what SIA wants to accomplish is that they want to do the clients aware that they are non merely paying to transport them from one state to another, but besides that they are basking the service offered to them on board and besides that they feel comfy and non like stuck in an enclosed compartment particularly on a long-haul flight which is rather raging. SIA wants to indicate out that they are viing to be the best air hose in the industry but alternatively they are viing to be the best service administration alternatively. To accomplish that, SIA benchmark themselves non merely against their rivals but to the best in category service companies. With respect to business-level scheme, SIA manage to present quality service to clients ( accomplishing distinction ) , at a degree of costs that approach those of a budget bearer. This accomplishment challenges Porter ‘s suggestion that distinction and cost leading are reciprocally sole. ( Heracleous et al. , 2009 ) . 5. Customer feedbacks SIA does seek feedback from its riders in order to better its quality service. In 1998, a study on 4000 riders from all the categories was conducted. It involves information from riders from different flights viz. London, New York, Los Angeles, Sydney, Mumbai and Hong Kong ( Chan, 2000b ) . Comfort, privateness and the experience that SIA offered were the chief issues involved. So, an immediate action was taken by SIA whereby a squad of specialized people started to restitute and implement what was necessary to be done. For illustration, SIA renovated the made-to-order seats to cashmere covers. SIA wage peculiar attending to clients ‘ demand as a resource for invention thoughts. 6. Cost economy SIA focuses its cost economy scheme at the direction degree. Aircraft care, catering and security are run and managed as subordinates. This is planned since SIA will hold a better control of the costs this manner. As a consequence, SIA has generated a better-cost nest eggs and besides increased its net income border ( Asiatic Business Review, 1996, p.34 ) . Furthermore, SIA relocated and outsourced its database and processing maps to much cheaper Mumbai in India and Beijing in China. 7. Strategic flexibleness Hax and Wilde ( 2001, p. 114-5 ) believe that in a fast-changing universe, â€Å" Strategic flexibleness can bring forth higher net incomes by assisting a company stay absolutely tuned to the market and avoid acquiring trapped in dead-end concern theoretical accounts † . SIA has been implementing the construct â€Å" flexibleness † by come ining into new markets- opening new paths. Since SIA does non hold any domestic paths to function, it has to look for paths that even originate in 3rd states winging to another 3rd state. Furthermore, to assist spread out its web of flights, SIA has code-sharing understandings with about 20 air hoses, including cardinal partnerships with Delta Airlines and Swissair. SIA, Delta Airlines and Swisssair are besides spouses of the Global Excellence Alliance, each keeping 5 % equity bets in the other two. ( Chan, 2000b ) . Constructing up confederations as a scheme to stay competitory in the planetary market is aboriginal presents for air h oses to be a success as noted by Johnstone ( 1996 ) . Harmonizing to Hanlon ( 1996 ) , holding a strategic hub strengthens the strategic competitory place of an air hose. Singapore is a really good illustration of a strategic hub which contributes to the success of SIA. Furthermore, SIA presents themselves as attractive spouses with other air hoses to construct planetary strategic confederations and webs. In 1998, SIA had a strategic understanding with Lufthansa. This has allowed SIA the chance to hold a strategic European hub in its international web and frailty versa. SIA riders going between Singapore and Frankfurt can now bask more flights to take from due to the understanding made. 8. Governmental Support The Singaporean Government plays an of import function in negociating actively for favorable air understandings and agreements with other states. It besides helps in the development of Singapore Airlines and Singapore ‘s Changi Airport every bit good. With the coaction of the Singapore Government, SIA and Changi Airport, wholly have distinguishable strategic competitory advantage and has helped SIA in their pursuit for success in the international air power universe ( Business Traveller- Asia Pacific, 1997b, p.3 ) . 9. Team Spirit SIA adopts a airy, â€Å" can-do † and animating attack which motivates its squad members. BHAGs are used in SIA scheme to bring forth squad spirit and that is the ground behind SIA success harmonizing to Chan ( 2000 ) . The squad spirit is built within its 6600 crew members through a little group of 13 crew members who are formed and wing together to beef up their relationship in the workplace and besides better the civilization of cost effectual service excellence and the equal force per unit area to present SIA promise to clients harmonizing to Heracleous et Al ( 2009 ) . Furthermore Doganis ( 2006 ) noted that the productiveness of SIA employees is one of the highest in the planetary air hose industry. Decision: Meanwhile, critics and rivals complain that much of SIA ‘s success is due to environmental factors and the function of authorities instead than its ain capablenesss. Analysts note that one benefit of Temasek ‘s 54.5 % interest is lower sensed debt hazard by loaners and therefore lower cost of adoption ( even though SIA does non necessitate to borrow significantly ) . The industrial dealingss climate in Singapore is deemed to be less adversarial than elsewhere, enabling SIA to implement policies that would hold caused significantly more clash in many other air hoses. Critics besides suggest that SIA ‘s acquisitions have non fared that good. In 1999 SIA bought 49 % of Virgin Atlantic, and wrote away 95 % of the investing shortly after 9/11. In 2000 it acquired a 25 % interest in Air New Zealand, which was earnestly impacted by the prostration of its debt-laden Australian arm, Ansett Airlines ; this investing was besides written

Bullets as Marks of Punctuation Definition

Bullets as Marks of Punctuation Definition A mark of punctuation () commonly used in business writing and technical writing to introduce items in a list (or series) is known as a bullet point. As a general rule, when creating lists, use bullet points to identify items of equal importance; use numbers for items with different degrees of value, listing the most important one first. Examples and Observations: Bullets () mark items in a list. If a sentence follows the bullet, place a period at its end. Words and phrases that follow bullets need no ending punctuation. It is never necessary to place the conjunction and before the [last] item in a bulleted list.(M. Strumpf and A. Douglas, The Grammar Bible. Owl, 2004)The idea is simply to end by design rather than default, and any of the following practices will help:In your notes, keep track of potentially dramatic closing materials.Hold one of your best examples or anecdotes for the closing.Allow space for a developed ending.Commit to a closing worthy of the piece.Avoid the drift toward a clichà ©d ending.(Arthur Plotnik, Spunk Bite. Random House, 2005)Tips on Using BulletsWhen you dont mean to imply that one thing in a list is any more important than anotherthat is, when youre not signaling a rank orderand when there is little likelihood that the list will need to be cited, you might use bullet dots. They enhance readability by emphasizi ng salient points. . . .Here are . . . more tips on using bullets well: (1) end your introduction with a colon, which serves as an anchor; (2) keep the items grammatically parallel (see PARALLELISM).(Bryan A. Garner, Garners Modern American Usage. Oxford Univ. Press, 2003) ParallelismThe most common problem with bulleted lists is an absence of parallel construction. If the first bulleted item is a declarative sentence in the present tense, the rest should also be declarative sentences in the present tense. Each item must be a continuation of the introductory sentence . . ..(Bill Walsh, Lapsing Into a Comma. Contemporary Books, 2000)Using Bullets Effectively- The most effective communication at work is not the bulky memo, but the bullet-riddled PowerPoint presentation, which people from varied nationalities can absorb in very little time.(A. Giridharadas, Language as a Blunt Tool of the Digital Age. The New York Times, Jan. 17, 2010)- For public speakers, bullet points serve as prompts to extemporaneous speech, and are often more useful than a complete text. On the printed page, bullets break up the gray, as we say in the world of publishing. They give the eye relief.The key to making good use of bullet points is to make sure the elements on your list h ang together. If youre writing about Six Things You Should Do Before Shopping for a Good Used Car, make sure you give your readers or listeners six things they should do, not four things plus a snarky observation about used-car salesmen and a nostalgic whine about what a gem your old Mustang was. . . .If your material isnt really a collection of comparable elements, then bullets are probably not the best presentation. After all, a paragraph lets you mix things up a bit: a declarative sentence here, a rhetorical question there, maybe even a brief list. A paragraph is better than bullets for putting elements into more complex relationships.(Ruth Walker, We Speak Nowadays in a Hail of Bullets. The Christian Science Monitor, February 9, 2011)

Bond Movie review Essays

Bond Movie review Essays Bond Movie review Essay Bond Movie review Essay Essay Topic: Catching Fire In every action film there is always at least one hero to save the day. They are usually accompanied by a member of the opposite sex who, through no fault of their own, has ended up stuck in the middle of some highly secretive operation. The James Bond films are, of course, no exception. An action film contains plenty of drama, action, stunts and usually a low level of wit and irony. In many films of this type the key to success is having very little dialogue. This therefore involves audiences from many different nationalities. Following the plot is made a lot easier with little dialogue. This seems to be apparent in most action films, however you do not see this in other genres of film such as romance and sci-fi. Crime films tend to use high amounts of dialogue, as, quite often, there is a tricky plot, which needs to be explained in as much detail and depth as possible. An action film not only has a hero but also a notorious villain, who for one reason or another is at large. In this type of film you can never get emotionally attached to a character, because their personalities are always so much different to that of your own. James Bond is a typical action hero in a typical action film. He has, as all action heroes must, changed over the years. The 1990’s saw huge transformations in the character of Bond. This had to happen because through out the years, people’s views, opinions and morals change. Things that appealed to women and men in pre-1990’s no longer appeal to them now. In Bond films, there are many things, which lure the audience in. Men are usually attracted to the action side of the film and the women involved, where as most women are attracted to the more sophisticated side of the hero and the comments that are made. The female actresses and how they are portrayed as bright, intelligent and brainy, quite often intrigue women. Men are also attracted to the technical side of things such as the gadgets and weapons used. They tend to get involved in the action. At the beginning of any film the first thing you will see is the certification of the film and the logo of the Production Company. In this case the certification is a 12 which means it is classed as family film, as it is a family film this means it will have a widely ranged target audience. As the film is of certificate 12 then no or few verbal obscenities will be used also there will be no explicit sex scenes or graphical obscenities such as high levels of violence. However there are some mild sex scenes and some violence. The violence used however is often portrayed in a comic strip style where you often only see the part before the act of violence and the final result. In many parts of the film Goldeneye. The violence and sex scenes are cut short so you know what has happened and you’ll find out the consequences either now or at a later point in the film. The united artists logo shows who the film has been produced by in this case it is a recognised company both in England and Hollywood. The fact that it is a recognised company makes the audience expect no less than its other productions. The film â€Å"Goldeneye† is made jointly with pound sterling and American dollars. It therefore has actors and actresses of both nationalities. This shows strong bonds between the Americans and British and appeals to audiences of both countries. This film would appeal to people across the globe as it contains highly detailed action sequences which on the whole make up for the little used of dialogue. The fact that it is made up of action sequence after action sequence makes it a whole lot easier for its international audience to understand and follow. The film also appeals to an international audience because it contains actors and actresses of many nationalities. The opening image in â€Å"Bond† is a familiarity to any true â€Å"Bond† fan. It sets the standard of the film and it has appeared on the screens of fans since the first film â€Å"Dr No† which was released in 1962. Maurice Binder designed it. The image is always accompanied by the 007-theme tune. This may vary in style and tempo throughout the films but it always has the same base for its melody. People hear the theme tune on their television screens and they automatically and quite rightly assume that Bond is on T.V. In this opening image you first see a plain black screen with one white circle appearing. Then, to the right of this another immerges. This process is repeated another six times. Although at the beginning you may wonder what the circles are you would probably think that they were something to do with the action and spy genre of the film. Perhaps the barrels of guns, several camera lenses, pairs of binoculars or possibly the viewfinder of a rifle. When only one circle is left on screen Bond is followed into its path and he quickly turns in an action hero type pose to shoot. This circle then turns into the inside of a barrel of a gun. This gun barrel is then covered in red as Bond fires. This most likely represents the blood of the person who tried to shoot Bond. The fact that there is so much black in this scene portrays the secrecy or maybe the sophistication of the character involved in this case Bond. It could also represent the darkness or evil being broken by light or good showing the black as evil and James Bond as the good. This image involves the audience right from the start using the actions that it does. For example when Bond turns to shoot it’s as if he’s turning to shoot at you. It could be an attempt to make the audience feel a part of the film. This also applies later on when the film begins to have a roller coaster affect and you feel that you are on that roller coaster with the characters in that scene. The establishing shot of the pre-credits sequence shows a plane flying low over a dam. This shot is a mixture of camera angles mainly high angle shots and very low shots. Most of the camera work is panned. The mixture of these angled shots give a roller-coaster effect and at times you feel you are either just above the plane or just below it. In this scene you feel as if you are on a roller coaster because you are seeing the scene in a panning shot which means it follows the action from one point rather than moving with it. It also gives the scene a huge feeling of perspective, you see that it is high above the ground as it shows the planes size in comparison with the dams size. The only sounds to be heard in this scene are that of the plane engines. This in its self creates tension as it breaks the silence that was present before. â€Å"The plane scene† shows the breath taking scenery you see in most Bond films. In this case the scene is set in the Contra dam near Locarno Switzerland instead of being near the Arkangel Chemical Weapons Facility in northern Russia. This location was probably chosen as it is surrounded by mountains and lush countryside. It is also in a remote location, which tends to be the setting for most action films as it gives the hero a chance to prove himself even more. The part of the pre-credit sequence when a figure dressed all in black is running along the top of the dam is important because you still don’t know who it is. You assume its Bond because the character seems calm and cool and extremely sophisticated and in control of the situation. He isn’t panting or out of breath in any way, which also builds up the image of an action hero, as they never seem to be defeated either mentally or physically, even when they are injured they carry on and succeed in any task or situation. Again there is little noise in this scene except the sound of running feet. This adds to the ever-growing tension because you still don’t know who this person is or what they are doing. The camera man/ woman in this particular series of shorts is running along behind the runner and it is jogging wildly. This is for more than one reason. The first reason that comes to mind is the fact that it is a point of view shot and so you see it as you would if y ou were running behind the character. The other reason that the camera is jogging wildly is that the person running isn’t actually the actor that plays bond but it is a stuntman named Wayne Michaels. When â€Å"Bond?† reaches the edge of the spot from where he will jump you see the distance he is going to jump and also see it from a point of view angle. This creates suspense and tension because you know what he’s going to do but you are just waiting for the reassurance that he’s going to do it. At this point you see that the actor is Bond and you know that what is about to happen I going to be dangerous. The bungee jump was the first jump ever to be attempted next to a wall of concrete. The stuntman, Wayne Michaels, had to do it from 640ft at an average speed of 100mph. In order to keep him away from the face of concrete in front of him he had to find a pocket of air to bounce him away from it. If he had timed anything wrong he would have had to do the whole jump again. The use of high and low angle shots in this scene adds to the roller coaster effect as it make s you feel you are there and involved in some way with the action. You feel the tension and know that something amazing is about to happen and then it does. The caption telling you where you are is a very important part of the film as it sets the scene and theme of the action. It specifies the place in which you are Arkangel Chemical Weapons Facility. It also tells you that you are in Communist Russia during the Glasnost period. You also now know that James Bond has something to do with it. The Piton and the laser gun, which are shot at the end of the jump, are the first two references to gadgets in the film. He pose straight after the jump is a typical Bond pose and it is the first time that the theme of iconography is brought out. Iconography is the idea of things associated with a character that for some reason is idolised. The pose with the gun and the tuxedo are only two of the things involved within the iconography. Iconic things are the bits and pieces that can make you recognise a character whit being told who it is for example James Bond â€Å"The names Bond, James Bond.† Also Arnold Swarzeneger and his well known phrase â€Å"I’ll be back.† Iconography plays an important part through ant film and the Bond films are no exception, they familiarise the audience with one or more characters. The Bungee jump itself is extremely important as it sets the pace for the film. Having sped the pace up the audience feel more engaged and settle to the idea of more excitement like that of which has just occurred. After breaking into the nerve gas storage plant via the Gents toilets Bond is shown in a close up. This is to show that Bond is the most important part in this scene and that all focus should be on him. This also distracts the audience from things that are going on all around Bond. This in itself brings the meeting of the mystery person in the darkened room as a shock. On his way to the room where he meets the mystery person you begin to realise the overwhelming odds against him. He is on his own with hundreds of guards patrolling the plant and yet he manages to miss every single one of them while on his travels. This adds to his role as fictional super hero because he will never die, he may be terribly injured on more than one occasion but he will never die. As Bond enters the darkened room the percussive sounds grow louder this creates tension and you know that something is about to happen, yet you are not sure exactly what. Then you hear some words spoken in a foreign language, wh ich you assume, are Russian. At first you think he has been caught and yet then Bonds reply tells you that he knows the person. He says, â€Å"I’m alone.† This response is delivered again in a cool and calm way. There is no sign of faltering in his voice. This would probably put the audience more at ease knowing that Bond is still in control of the situation. As the mystery person emerges into the light that Bond was and still is standing in you know that they know each other. You know this because conversation although quite short and precise is warm and humorous. Comments such as â€Å"Long time no see† and â€Å"Ready to save the world again† show that they have worked together before and shows the Bonds between them as being friendly. The fact that the character who we now know to be Alec Trevelyan has moved into the light maybe suggests that he is on Bonds side. Th light illustrates the good and the dark represents all evil. This is ironic because la ter in the film Alec betrays Bond and turns out to be working as a double agent. Wit and Humour are clearly evident in this scene after being told that he is late Bond tells Alec that he had to â€Å"Make a quick stop in the bathroom.† This has a double meaning and could make the audience laugh. Most of Alecs comments in this scene are ironic because instead of saving the world he’s actually trying to bring social disorder and destruction. The use of timers when they both enter the nerve gas storage area adds to the tension as it shows you that they are in trouble but you know that they have to escape as it is only the beginning of the film. The use of gadgets in this scene is again evident as Alec uses the decoder on the code panel. The next comment made is ironic as Alec says; â€Å"It’s too easy.† At this point the alarm bells start ringing and you hear the thunder of Russian Soldiers footsteps. This adds even more tension as everything has run smoothly up until this point. The camera work in this scene shows the teamwork between Alec and Bond as swift and seamless. They have rehearsed this before or it at least looks as if they have. They know exactly where each other should be and this shows the huge amount of co-operation needed to pull of a mission of this stature. The death of the Russian soldiers are all displayed n a cartoon strip way and this is because of the films certificate. Even though the audience knows that the enemies are dying there is hardly any blood, sympathy or suffering. After the falling of many Russian soldiers Ourumov, your traditional Bond villain, appears on the scene. At this point the percussive sounds of Bonds earlier meeting with the mystery person reappear and the hissing gets louder. He is displayed as your typical villain by his fraudulent and insidious grin. He has scars on his nose and looks as if he has many a story to tell. He too is full of jocular comments, which always seem to backfire on him. Bonds escape brings an appropriate end to the pre- credit sequence and although Alec is now â€Å"Dead† there is still a sense of accomplishment. To begin his escape Alec is at gunpoint. Bond is given a small length of time to â€Å"Come out with your hands above your head.† To which Bond still has a witty comment. After setting the timers to 3 minutes instead of leaving them for 6 Bond, rather exaggeratedly, throws down his rifle and steps circumspectly out just a little way. Alec tells Bond to finish the job and is then shot. Seeing as Alec has been shot leaves no reason for Bond to give himself up and after a, rather obvious, hint from Ourumov, that no one is to shoot him as they may blow the gas tanks up. Bond hides behind a trolley upon, which is stacked several tanks of Nerve gas. He rolls the trolley along the floor, which squeaks. This builds up the tension but also adds yet another bit of humour. Ourumov tells Bond he â€Å"Can’t win!† and of cour se Bond sees his escape upon a conveyor belt and he is free. The chase after this is some what prolonged. After catching up with a plane, Bond, in the process of throwing the pilot out, is thrown out himself. This knocks a bike driver off his bike and just as you think the mission is over another twist occurs. With Ourumovs men no longer in pursuit he has to catch up with the plane which is rapidly approaching the edge of a cliff, and drive it to safety. He catches up with the plane after it has gone off the cliff and he sky dives down to the plane and climbs in. Then to take the biscuit he pulls the plane out of a rather speculative nosedive and some how manages to escape unscathed. All of this shows Bond as an unreal super hero because after going through so much already you would have thought he would have given up both emotionally and physically. In the pre credit sequence there are no women. This may seem unusual for a Bond film but this is to give Bond himself the limelight, and in this sequence there is no need for women as it is just setting the scene. There are however women in the rest of the film. One is a villain who eventually gets her comeuppance and the other is a heroine as she assists Bond. She isn’t portrayed as someone who needs help with everything but she is shown as being strong, clever and also quite witty. This is another instance in which Bond films have been up dated. Women in the 1960’s were proud of how they were portrayed or if they weren’t then they weren’t bothered about how they were portrayed but today women take a more active part in society and expect to be shown how they really are. They tend to be brainier today and know how to deal with business and the development of new technology. The fast paced pre credit sequence has not only set up the audience to watch the rest of this film but it has geared them up to watch another Bond film. This is because it shows the audience what to expect in the line of stunts, gadgets and wacky and extremely unrealistic escapes. The whole of the pre- credit sequence is full of action and never actually slows down. It would be difficult to watch the rest of the film if you hadn’t seen the pre-credit sequence because even though the film is quite easy to follow most of the film action happens within the pre-credit sequence and the final sequence. Altogether Bond is portrayed as an unreal Super hero in what are quite possibly unreal situations. Or if the situations do happen then the odds against the hero/agent involved would be a whole lot higher. Bond hasn’t yet been killed because it is impossible to make the film last any longer if he is dead. Also Heroes hardly ever die in situations like this, there is Alec Trevelyan but he’s not really a hero and he’s not really dead. I think that most super heroes would probably end up dying because of old age just to show that the hero doesn’t die because he’s not up to his job. Bond is portrayed as your typical action hero in a typical action film. The series of films could go on and on not because the actor never dies, but because Bond never dies.

How To Write Business Essay, with Topics List

How To Write Business Essay, with Topics List What is business essay? Business essays are meant to present an argument about a topic within the business field. It should be narrowed down to a specific issue. Â  They are meant to help the writers convey their professional views on different issues arising from the businesses. Business writing helps readers in adopting different viewpoints about issues in the business world. These essays contain writers stand on the issue. List of topics for business essay: Marketing strategies Fund and asset allocation strategies E-commerce Narrowing the gap between the skills required by the industry and those currently available in college graduates How much does it cost to start a small business Who are the real businessmen? Employee social media privacy laws: dream or necessity Feminist economics Can African economies survive without the western influence? Surviving the world of uncertainties Marketing strategies Advertising Influence of Chinese on African business environment Would online companies be more successful than the regular ones Life savings Foreign currency fluctuation Life insurance Example of outline for business essay Outlining helps the writer to plan for writing the essay. Outline contains three paragraphs. The first paragraph is the introduction. The second and third paragraphs contain the first and second supporting points respectively. The last paragraph of the essay contains the conclusion. The outline serves as an essay draft. Who are the real businessmen? Introduction A large percentage of people living in this world are involved in some businesses. Without doubt it is universally agreed that successful businesses require a businessman. This therefore begs the question that who is a real businessman. A good businessman is an honest person. This is crucial in winning customers trust and therefore customers are able to conduct business with them. He is straightforward and true to his words in his dealings resulting in a long successful business. A good businessman is well knowledgeable in the business he is involved. He is knowledgeable in handling the business transactions and understands his customers. This helps him in earning respect and admiration among his peers and customers. Conclusion Among other qualities, these are some of the recognizable qualities of a real businessman. He earns the respect, trust and admiration among his peers and customers. In the long term these help in ensuring that his business is successful, a quality only attributed to real businessmen. How to start business essay Clearly define your topic. You need to show your reader the meaning of what you are talking about in order for them to tell whether it is meaningful. Show the direction of your topic or point of argument. You need to show the readers which direction you are taking in arguing your points. Outline the extent of coverage. Clearly show what you are going to cover and if possible what the essay will not cover. Give background information. Give the readers background information that necessitates the writing of the essay or the origin of your arguments. Tips on Thesis Writing Create a schedule. Create a time suitable for writing your thesis, so that it doesn’t interfere with your daily life; Develop an applicable thesis statement. The statement should be able to improve the readers ideas on the subject discussed; Don’t criticize. Avoid criticizing companies or its policies; Research thoroughly on the topic; Properly structure your business essay; Proof reading. Revise and correct the paper severally to make it sound and look good. Tips on body paragraphs The body of the essay makes up the largest portion of perfect assignment. The length or the number of paragraphs will depend on how much the writer writes about the topic chosen. The tips for writing the body include: The topic sentence. Defines what the paragraph is all about. Introduce the sources or data. Outline the data, or sources supporting the mini thesis. Use facts. Use proven facts in the area you are writing on. Explain the facts and quotes. Explain the meaning of the facts and show how these support your stand and contribute to the topic under discussion. Relation to thesis. Explain the facts in relation to the overall thesis statement and to the topic you are discussing. Ensure that the facts are relevant and related to the topic. Transitional sentence. Use transitional words to transit from one paragraph to the next. Tips on writing the conclusion Conclusion summarizes the writer’s views. It is the last part of the business essay writing steps. Arrive at the final conclusion through logical reasoning and pulling the discussion made in the body of the essay concisely. State your viewpoint explicitly. If possible, express the recommendations for further activity and future actions. Summarizing Outline for the essay provide the writer with a work plan on how to plan for the writing. It introduces the readers into the writers thinking and help in introducing the points. The body contains the findings of the writer. The writing guide provides writers with a way of sharing their thoughts with readers. Following this guide is crucial in ensuring that the writer has a complete and logically organized work in the end as such business essay conclusion is an important part of the essay.

Defense Weapons System (Abstract) Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Defense Weapons System (Abstract) - Essay Example Early defense systems operated on a one-way identification mechanism, whereby the system classified approaching aircrafts as domestic or enemy. Presumably, the defense systems did not give additional information on the nature or degree of threat presented by an approaching aircraft. B-52 systems are likely to have remained relevant due to due to their flexibility. Their adaptability has facilitated key modifications aimed at enhancing the system’s monitoring capabilities. However, security experts are likely to be concerned with its capacity to detect modern aircrafts. In addition, experts are pessimistic about its identification mechanism and its flexibility in the current environment. In particular, will the system keep pace with the development of military hardware and aircrafts particularly the F series of fighter jets? Sustainability of the B-25 system will determine the United States’ potential as a military and political superpower of the modern

Historiography Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Historiography - Essay Example Trying to connect atrocities and brutal, ferocious events such as conquests and annihilation of peoples with the theory is a bit problematic, though. When thinking of men like Hernan Cortes, the Spanish conquistador that has invaded America and eventually slaughtered the Native Americans extremely viciously, or like Hitler, which ascended to power in Germany in 1933 and was responsible for the most horrible murders of over 6,000,000 people, theres a difficulty in attributing the word "great" to them. Lets take the case of Cortes, for example. He had arrived in North America and at first befriended the Native Americans, accepting their gifts, enjoying their hospitality and planning some kind of cooperation with them. However, as time went on, major differences started to be evident between the Spanish army that mingled with the Native Americans. For example, the Spanish had a hard time understanding the religious customs and traditions the latter had. They saw some of their rituals as barbaric and primitive, since they involved human sacrifice and body mutilation. In time, tensions grew between the two groups until they reached a boiling point. From that point on, what happened was debatably inevitable. But was it really? Cortes was singlehandedly responsible for the brutal killing of many Indians, and what had previously started as an amicable friendship turned into a most gruesome bloodbath. Cortes refused to back down and was relentless in his quest to vanquish the Native Amer icans. His motive was to eradicate the natives and become a governor for this newly discovered land, gain in respect, status and wealth, and use the local resources to establish a thriving Spanish colony in this new land. In other words, he was driven by greed, a hunger for power and self-motivation. Lets take another example, one from recent time. Hitler has ascended to power through democratic

Sports and Entertainment Management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Sports and Entertainment Management - Essay Example This paper portrays the current situation of unemployment in the United States and the best way to handle the problem using various economic models. The paper also looks at the government and monetary policies put in place in attempt to fight against the problem. The US unemployment problem has been raising recently attracting attention to both the Federal Government and private investors. Strategies to fight the problem are currently in place to freeze the increasing percentage of unemployment rate in the global economic leader. Despite the fact that the US is the largest economy in the world, global economic pressures and bad economic policies could be the major causes of the employment problem currently facing the country. A recent household survey indicated that the unemployment condition in the United has risen by 0.1 per cent in May 2013 to 7.6 per cent. The situation was however worse in October 2009 than it is currently. Compared to the rate of unemployment in 2009, the situa tion had fallen to 2.4 per cent but it is now rising according to recent surveys (The US Department of Numbers 2013). Article tackling Unemployment Guardian News and Media Limited. 2013. US jobless claims rise modestly as economic growth revised down. Retrieved June 24, 2013, from http://www.guardian.co.uk/business/2013/may/30/us-jobless-claims-economic-growth This article by the Guardian News and Media Limited points out that regardless of the US economic growth with a modest 2.4% this year, there is still a significant rise in the number of Americans seeking for jobs indicating the current unemployment increase from 338,000 five years ago to the current 354,000. The article postulates that most employers are now steadily hiring, making an average of 208,000 jobs available every month different from the previous reported statistics of 138,000 in the recent couple of months past (Guardian News and Media Limited 2013). With this statistics, it is observed as positive adjustment towar ds employment, which leaves unemployment down fall from 10% of the year 2009 to the current 7.5%. However, this decrease is as result of many people especially the youth has given up seeking for jobs and the government will count one as unemployed if he/she is actively looking for employment. Government spending continues to be the major area of weakness to US economy with also other as global weakness and higher taxes. Notably, economists assert that decline in the economy is not as severe as many people may think. Home construction is top performer in the economy growth which itself is growing at a double digit of 12.1% (Guardian News and Media Limited 2013). There is increased hiring in the private sector reduced prices in consumer goods and recorded high stock gains that maintain consumer spending high. Increased demand in consumers has prompted businesses to faster restocking rate indicating growth in business inventories. . Discussion Unemployment is normally treated as a shor t-term economic phenomenon, which affects fluctuations. The problem is often neglected in neoclassical growth models. Fiscal policies, which can be explained as an economic components initiating effect on one of the various components of aggregate demand, has a different effect on both GDP and employment. This happens when making application of the Keynesian demand-driven models or the Neo-classical supply driven models (Magnani 2013 ). Differences arise when dealing with problems associated with low economic growth and high public debts (Magnani 2013 ). The US has been working hard t ensure a minimum public debt and initiate mechanisms and strategies for job creation. Efforts of the US government to create

Destination Management Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Destination Management - Coursework Example The interface between sex tourism and business developments offer an unlimited point of reference and this provides total development of the sector. (Hughes, 5) There is growing access to cities, beaches and a host of places which were thought to be very unproductive. There is abundance of benefits that sex tourism brings and this is fully dependent on the community’s perception and the political landscape. The international travel facilitates sex tourism across popular destinations. Further, there are various places that are actively involved in promoting sex tourism and this offers specific reason why you should embrace all that it offers. While examining the reasons why sex tourism is gaining ground, you should look at beliefs and tradition and how it provides stimulus to the economy. As such, the process of tourism development is truly dependent on what many people expect, including the changing trend in woman’s understanding of sex. (Ritcher, 1) Tourism classification according to ethnicity provides a focus for people to forely understand and define the levels of fulfilling tourism trends. Ethnic group’s participation in tourism activities would be classified according to holiday-taking experiences and this when compared to white population; the results demonstrate a huge margin. Many factors influence minority groups and this hugely explain why their tourism levels are low. Most importantly, it is thought that most of these groups get minimal earnings and this is comparatively low and well below the required scale. Further, there is a remarkable higher unemployment rate among these groups. The relevance of employment among the minority has taken a big trend and this brings about a negative impact on their financial positions. There are several cases of poor living conditions and which are not attractive and which do not provide for adequate support for their outings and general touring.

Self Evident Truths Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Self Evident Truths - Essay Example Self-evidently, today, the popular notion argued by Alexander has grown to become an accepted tenant of the American democracy. Moreover, further arguments were initiated to preserve the culture and democratic processes, reform civilian response efforts, appropriately prioritize defense resources, and effectively employ the National Guard with an ultimate goal of proscribing overreliance on the military. Alexander proposed the use of the military in domestic situations as an eventual and practical consideration. The American political culture remains consensual due to its broad basis on shared political values. Arguably, most of these conflicts arise because of disagreements on how to implement the values provided and not on the basic beliefs themselves. A survey of racial categories in American history depict changes with the politics and prejudices of the time. Fredrickson argues that cultural pluralism offers the best hope for a just and cohesive society since individuals are able to construct and reconstruct their own ethnic identities.

Destination Management Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Destination Management - Coursework Example The interface between sex tourism and business developments offer an unlimited point of reference and this provides total development of the sector. (Hughes, 5) There is growing access to cities, beaches and a host of places which were thought to be very unproductive. There is abundance of benefits that sex tourism brings and this is fully dependent on the community’s perception and the political landscape. The international travel facilitates sex tourism across popular destinations. Further, there are various places that are actively involved in promoting sex tourism and this offers specific reason why you should embrace all that it offers. While examining the reasons why sex tourism is gaining ground, you should look at beliefs and tradition and how it provides stimulus to the economy. As such, the process of tourism development is truly dependent on what many people expect, including the changing trend in woman’s understanding of sex. (Ritcher, 1) Tourism classification according to ethnicity provides a focus for people to forely understand and define the levels of fulfilling tourism trends. Ethnic group’s participation in tourism activities would be classified according to holiday-taking experiences and this when compared to white population; the results demonstrate a huge margin. Many factors influence minority groups and this hugely explain why their tourism levels are low. Most importantly, it is thought that most of these groups get minimal earnings and this is comparatively low and well below the required scale. Further, there is a remarkable higher unemployment rate among these groups. The relevance of employment among the minority has taken a big trend and this brings about a negative impact on their financial positions. There are several cases of poor living conditions and which are not attractive and which do not provide for adequate support for their outings and general touring.

Wardrobe Reaction Paper Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Wardrobe Reaction Paper - Essay Example I believe that remaining cool and cozy is most important and this is the reason why I am at my best with jeans, T-shirt and sneakers, wearing them as and when I need. For bumming around, I am usually in my shorts and spaghetti straps because that is the best time of my day (or even night). I use slippers to go around the house and be at my very best. My wardrobe communicates to me a sense of ease and coziness. I am of what I am and that is depicted easily through my wardrobe which makes me proud of the same. This is clear through my emphasis on a lot of T-shirts and jeans, as specific examples. Others react to certain items of my wardrobe in a very positive way. My friends think that I represent cool-ness from the onset, as I have literally everything that puts me at absolute comfort and ease. This is apparent in the examples of my sneakers, T-shirts and jeans which are branded and thus provide me extra comfort on nearly all occasions whenever I don them. To convey a mood or to wear an impression, I usually find the most apt attire. This could be a T-shirt when I am feeling all good about my own self or even a spaghetti strap when I am in the mood to go for a dinner with my colleagues.

Homeschool vs Public School Essay Example for Free

Homeschool vs Public School Essay The recent growth, popularity, and success of homeschool have left many parents wondering if public school is the right choice for their children. While public school is still the most trusted and convenient way for parents to have their children educated, many parents are starting to research and learn more about the option of homeschooling. For many parents, it is hard to think outside the box, when it comes to their children’s education, yet, more parents are convinced every day that this may be the right choice for their children. Parents considering homeschool are worried that they might not be able to provide the proper education, and learning tools, as well as the structure of public school. Others are simply worried that their publicly educated children will not be as well rounded or socialized if they are homeschooled. For many advocates, whether home school or public school, the environment offered by withers situation is definitely a determining factor as to whether their child should be home or publicly schooled. Proponents of homeschool think that children will thrive better in a safe, comfortable, familiar environment. Ironically, so do public school advocates. Homeschool parents believe that home is the safest, most secure environment for their children to learn. A decade ago a homeschooled teen had to miss out on school dances, band, sports, driver’s education and more. This is no longer the case. The options are endless depending on your local school district. Most junior and high schools support dual enrollment. This means that a child can be homeschooled and still go to the school for subject that the student along with the parents decides. This can be math, wood working, computer technology, and many more things. If the child is enrolled they are entitled to most if not all of the extracurricular activities that the school offers. In a home school setting, a child does not have to deal with fitting in, peer pressure, or cliques. Homeschool parents will argue that by homeschooling they prevent most of the negative social problems of school. Many argue that school is not like real life. In the real world you do get to choose who you associate with for the most part. You are not shoved into a room of your same age peers for 12 years or more. In public schools children are forced to deal with persecution because of the clothes they wear may not be the coolest, or their shoes may not be a brand name. Children are forced to deal with peer pressures to have sex, experiment with drugs, or truancy. Homeschool children are able to focus solely on their education. They are usually able to work at their own pace in their own style. While publicly schooled children are forced into a strict schedule, and everything is on a timed basis. Public school advocates argue that public school teaches the child to separate themselves from their parents, and begin to rely on themselves more. That it teaches responsibility. They also believe that the natural interaction between children in school is healthy, and it teaches them character, and individuality. As a matter of fact, many public school supporters believe that actual book learning is not as important as learning how to deal with others. Only you can decide which is more important for your child. Along with everything else, parents and their children have to consider the curriculum, and is this right for the individual circumstance. How your child learns is a major factor in determining if your child should be in public school or homeschooled. Most children learn the same basic skills whether they are public, or homeschooled. They learn to read, write, and basic math. Both sides agree that this is a good foundation. However, it is beyond the basics that the two types of schooling differ, and the argument begins. Homeschooled children tend to learn through individual experience. Regular public school children learn through relationships, and according to studies, that’s what builds character in a child. [www. publicschools. org]. this is clearly a huge argument in the war of Homeschool versus public school. Homeschool parents are able to choose the focus of their child’s education. Whether it is based on their religion and beliefs, or the child’s natural curiosity. This does not mean that a child is homeschooled based solely on religion or because they are religious. It simply gives parents an option to have religion incorporated in their children’s schooling. More parents said that they chose to homeschool a child in order to offer religious or moral instruction. This reason was given more than any other reason as the most important for homeschooling. This accounts for 36 percent of homeschooled students [The National Center for Education Statistics (NCES) of the U. S.  Department of Education (USDOE) Institute of Education Sciences (IES)]. Public schools have eliminated religion because the government feels that it may offend someone if we pray a certain prayer that a student with a different religion may not. So, they decided to separate church and state. This means that there are no more prayers in public schools or their events. There are â€Å"moments of silence†. Thus, many homeschool parents incorporate it into their lessons. Public school bases their curriculum on state based lesson, which aim to make the students reach and hopefully surpass their goals. This curriculum is constantly changing with the times. A drawback of public education curriculum is that there is not a lot of time to spend in depth on one particular subject, but students are exposed to a broad spectrum of subjects. Every parent is a teacher [www. phdinparenting. com]. Whether they realize it or not. From day one we teach our children, and never stop. It is the argument of homeschool advocates that if we can teach them life skills and basically everything they learn from day one, then why can’t we educate our children? Public school advocates argue that the difference is the time a teacher has spent learning methods and perfecting the art of educating a child. Homeschooled parents are concerned that their children are not having enough one on one time with teachers. They are concerned that the teacher to student ratio is out of control. The norm in public school is 31 students to 1 teacher. Most classes are 30 to 45 minutes in length. After roll call, going over the daily lesson, passing up homework, etc. , there is less than 1 minute available for each student to communicate with the teacher. Homeschool advocates are concerned that sometimes this means that the quality of education a child gets in public school is not as good as that of homeschool. Many students believe that the education they are getting is quite adequate. They are sure that half the things they learn in class they will not need in â€Å"real life† anyway. They assume the free ride through college from their high school football career will get them everything they need in life. Children who have this belief are sorely mistaken. If they are not equipped with the communication skills, and life skills, as well taught esponsibility then why have the great football career? They will have no idea how to negotiate terms, negotiate contracts, or how to properly spend and invest their income. These are all vital things that a child needs to be taught. Homeschool parents believe that they can instill in their children all of those things. No extracurricular activities for homeschoolers, you say? Wrong!! There are programs that allow homeschool children to take some of their classes in a private school type setting to allow them to play on the local high school football team. As long as their grades and transcripts are all in order, they can be just as successful and get scholarships just as a public school student. We, as parents have to make our own decisions about how our children are educated. Whether they are public or home schooled, we have to ensure that our children are getting the best possible education, in the best environment, by the best teachers. It is not our job to be sure that they are the most popular, or the class favorite. It is our job to make sure that they are educated, moral, responsible, well rounded individuals no matter the method by which they are educated.

Parliamentary sovereignty

Parliamentary sovereignty Although in theory Parliament is sovereign, the problematic reality is that British constitutional arrangements ensure that true power lies with the Executive. Part A: Many countries such as the United States have a written constitution but Britain does not, however it must have something which is at the heart of its constitutional arrangements[1] and this need is fulfilled by the doctrine of parliamentary sovereignty. The traditional and most often applied definition of parliamentary sovereignty is that of Dicey, who stated, the principle of parliamentary sovereignty means the right to make or unmake any law whatever; and further, that no person or body is recognised by the law of England as having a right to override or set aside the legislation of Parliament[2]. From this definition, three fundamental principles can be derived; the first is that Parliament can make or unmake any law. An example of this principle in practice; The Septennial Act 1715 was passed to extend the life of Parliament from three to seven years out of fear of the effects of an election. His Majestys Declaration of Abdication Act 1936 demonstrates Parliaments ability to alter the line of succession to the throne and the Parliament Acts 1911 and 1949 demonstrate Parliament legislating over its own procedures. The War Damage Act 1965 overruled a House of Lords decision in Burmah Oil Company v Lord Advocate [1965][3] and is a demonstration of Parliaments ability to make or unmake any law as it was able to legislate with retrospective effect. The second principle of Diceys theory is that Parliament cannot be bound by its predecessors or bind its successors. This affirms Thomas Paines theory that, every age and generation must be free to act for itself, in all cases as the ages and generations which preceded it[4]. Vauxhall Estates Ltd v Liverpool Corporation [1932][5] concerned conflict between The Housing Act 1925 and the Acquisition of Land Act 1919 where it was held that the provisions of the later act would apply; this is known as implied repeal and demonstrates Parliaments inability to bind its successors. Ellen Streets Estates Ltd. v Minister for Health [1934][6] also held that the later Act must apply and it was stated that the intention of Parliament to repeal the legislation must be given effect just because it is the will of the legislature[7]. The third basic principle of Diceys theory is that no-one can question Parliaments laws, as Blackstone stated, true it is, that what the Parliament doth, no authority on earth can undo[8]. In Edinburgh Dalkeith Railway Co v Wauchope [1842][9], Wauchope sought to challenge an Act of Parliament on the grounds that he was not given notice of its introduction as a bill into Parliament. His challenge was rejected on the basis that the courts are precluded from investigating whether the proper internal procedures have in fact been complied with[10], this is known as the enrolled act rule, affirmed in Pickin v British Railways Board [1974][11]. The courts cannot question the validity of an Act of Parliament or declare it void; illustrating the role of the judiciary in upholding the principle of parliamentary sovereignty. Exceptionally in R (Jackson) v Attorney General [2005][12] the validity of the Hunting Act 2004 and use of the Parliament Act 1949 were challenged. It was affirmed that regardless of the way an Act has been passed, even if using the Parliament Acts, the courts cannot challenge the validity of primary legislation. However Jackson did raise issues of sovereignty in practice, Lord Hope stated, the English principle of the absolute legislative sovereignty of Parliamentis being qualified[13]. Parliamentary sovereignty is apparently sustained, particularly by the judiciary and is justified in that the main legislative House, the Commons, is democratically elected. Yet the acknowledgement by Lord Hope in Jackson recognises that the concept is increasingly subject to limitations. Lord Steyn in Jackson also recognised the dominance of the Commons by the executive- the government, the power of a government with a large majority in the House of Commons is redoubtable[14], and warned that use of the Parliament Acts creates a danger of exorbitant assertion of government power[15]. This assertion of power that Lord Steyn warns of should theoretically be prevented by the constitutional principle of the separation of powers. The doctrine of the separation of powers is largely associated with Baron Montesquieu who based his famous exposition of the doctrine on his understanding of the British constitution[16]. He identified three institutions of the state; the legislature that makes the laws, the executive that formulates and influences policy and the judiciary that adjudicates upon and imposes sanctions for breaking the law. Montesquieu argued that the result of these three powers concentrated in the same man or the same body[17] would pose a threat to individual liberty and that to prevent excessive concentration of public power the functions of each should be allocated clearly. However Jennings identified that Montesquieu did not mean that the legislature and executive should have no influence over the other, butthat neither should exercise the power of the oth er[18]. There should be a system of checks and balances in place to avoid concentration of power. The United States is an example of strong separation as the written constitution embeds the doctrine; the structure and power of the three institutions is laid out within Articles 1-3. Checks and balances are in place to ensure separation of power, for example the Presidents proposed legislative programme is checked by congress and the Supreme Court. There is however, in practice, fusion between the legislature and executive in the British constitution; for example the constitutional convention that members of the executive come from one of the Houses of Parliament, the executive, far from being separated from the legislature, is drawn from within its ranks[19]. The Prime Minister, is also by convention a member of the House of Commons; the legislature. In contrast, in the United States the president is separately elected and may be of a different political party than the one with a majority in either or both Houses of Congress. Under the House of Commons Disqualification Act 1975 there is imposed a statutory limit of 95 government ministers that may come from the House of Commons and prohibition of certain groups from becoming members such as civil servants and judicial office holders. This to some extent preserves separation however through its majority in the House of Commons the executive it is still likely to have the ability to dominate proceedings. By convention, the political party that wins the most seats at a general election forms a government the executive and a first past the post electoral system ensures that it will have a large majority of seats in the House of Commons. Dicey recognised this as a worrying shift in power stating that the majority party in the House can arrogate to itself that legislative omnipotence which of right belongs to the nation[20]. Essentially there is a concern that the executive can control the legislative supremacy of Parliament and ensure that its legislative proposals are enacted. There is also a fusion of function as the executive is involved in law making through delegated legislation. A large amount is made by Ministers and departments of the executive concerning important matters with justification in its efficiency compared with the passing of an Act of Parliament. It can also be made by those with specialist knowledge whilst MPs may not have the relevant expertise. However it conflicts with the theory of Parliamentary sovereignty as the executive is the supreme law making body in terms of the amount of legislation produced. Subsequently power lies with the executive at the expense of the legislature, some have depicted this state of affairs as an abdication by Parliament from its principle constitutional role in favour of the executive[21]. Prerogative powers are an example of fusion as they leave considerable power in the hands of the executive and allow Ministers to legislate without the consent of Parliament. However to some extent this is limited by judicial review as in R v Secretary of State for the Home Department, ex parte Fire Brigades Union [1995][22], where it was held that it was unlawful for the Home Secretary to introduce changes to a scheme which were incompatible with an Act of Parliament. The unwritten British constitution is based largely on conventions and this is an important contributor to fusion between the legislature and executive. Although in theory Parliament is sovereign, in practice this legislative supremacy of Parliament is effectively inherited by the executive giving it true power. The constitutional theorist Walter Bagehot argues that far from being a problem, this fused relationship had clear merits, the efficient secret of the English Constitution may be described as the close union, the nearly complete fusion, of the executive and legislative powers.[23] Lord Hailsham used the term elective dictatorship[24], to criticise the way in which the executive may control the legislature. Part B: In light of this, it is to be critically evaluated to what extent this fusion is problematic; whether the checks and balances as prescribed by the doctrine of the separation of powers are effective enough to prevent abuse of power by the executive; in particular Parliamentary scrutiny. There is a concern that the Government in general is too dominant over parliamentary proceedings[25] such as the Parliamentary timetable and legislative process. The majority of Bills considered by Parliament will be introduced by the executive and derive from its policy commitments. With its strong majority in Parliament the executive is subsequently able to secure its policies into law and this is predominately through control of its members rather than active engagement with the issues[26].   Party members are told by government whips to vote in accordance with the party line and are unlikely to deviate from this requirement as supporting the party is beneficial; they are more likely to be promoted to a position within the executive. Almost all bills are approved by each House even if they are amended and by convention the Queen cannot refuse the royal assent. Delegated legislation such as statutory instruments and orders in council are also a significant example of the legislative power of the executive; in particular Henry VIII clauses of the parent act allowing statutory instruments to change the primary legislation itself. It is argued that these clauses go right to the heart of the key constitutional question of the limits of executive power[27]. The Legislative Regulatory Reform Bill (LRRB) when introduced into Parliament contained many of these clauses which would have enabled Ministers to make delegated legislation amending, repealing or replacing primary or secondary legislation. It was termed the abolition of Parliament bill because of the power it would give to Ministers; it also proposed limitations on Parliamentary scrutiny of these actions by Ministers. Parliamentary scrutiny of the executive is of fundamental importance in ensuring that the government acts under the law and in accordance with the principles of constitutionalism and democracy[28]. John Lockes theory of the consent of the governed[29] is such that a governments legitimacy to use state power is only justified and legal when derived from the people. Therefore the executive should be accountable to Parliament, as a representative of the electorate. The theoretical underpinning of this accountability is the convention of ministerial responsibility. Collective responsibility is such that Ministers must publicly approve the Cabinets decisions or resign; this serves to strengthen the executive further by always showing a united front but does not enhance transparency. Individually Ministers must bear responsibility for the actions of their departments. There are various scrutiny mechanisms used to hold the executive and its Ministers to account for their actions; however their effectiveness is often doubtful. Ministerial Question Time enables Members of Parliament to question government Ministers in the House of Commons. This method of obtaining information and scrutinising the actions of the executive is not a spontaneous affair[30] as there is notice given of the questions to be asked. However there is strength in that the answers given are recorded and subsequently become a part of public records. The Ministerial Code outlines that ministers give accurate and truthful information to Parliament[31] and that ministers should be as open as possible with Parliament and the public[32] providing firm regulation on the answers to be given. Question Time is televised and it is arguable that this is successful at providing public insight of the executive being held to account. However it is problematic as the televised element leads to a theatrical and superficial occasion.   Parliament may face difficulty in questioning the executive as there are various restrictions on the types of question s that can be asked; Ministers are only questioned on matters directly within their responsibility, with some subjects excluded completely such as the personal powers of the monarch and defence and national security[33]. Ministers can also refuse to answer questions on grounds including cost of obtaining the information or whether the question is in the public interest. They can also refuse to answer certain questions under the restrictions in the Freedom of Information Act 2000. Furthermore, if a Minister refuses to answer a question they cannot be pressed to answer it. These limitations on questioning are therefore problematic and prevent proper scrutiny; the obtaining of information, by MPs on behalf of their constituents, lies at the heart of the scrutiny process ill-informed debate will not be effective[34]. As questions are not limited to the opposition party it is arguable that as sycophantic questions are frequently asked[35] Question Time is used by the executive to promote its own views and party achievements. This does however have the benefit of raising party morale and confidence in seeing the party leaders perform well in Parliament. Although this then becomes more about the political relationship rather than scrutiny, with the parties trying to expose weaknesses in each other. Written questions are arguably a more effective mechanism for obtaining information rather than oral questions. The Cash for Questions scandal was also problematic as Members were being paid to table certain questions for Ministers and therefore not effectively scrutinising their actions. Its reputation for holding Ministers to account was also somewhat ruined. For Prime Ministers Question Time questions are notified in writing and this first formal, open question is usually to ask the Prime Ministers engagements for the day providing a neutral peg on which to hang a supplementary, and real, question[36].   The wide range of supplementary questions asked, without notice, means the Prime Minister needs to be able to demonstrate his competence across a full range of government policy[37] and this spontaneity provides stronger scrutiny. However Prime Ministers Question Time is allocated only 30 minutes per week; providing a very short amount of time for questioning. Various debates on the floor of the House of Commons are also an opportunity for scrutiny. They are often used to express the view of an individual Member and the support for this view attracting public interest and media coverage; subsequently pressure is placed on the government to respond depending on its support. However debates are limited by the adversary framework in which they are held[38] and Ministers are often not to be questioned on their responses which is problematic as it prevents deeper questioning on the issues. A vote on a motion of no confidence is arguably the most effective at holding the executive to account; if the government is defeated the convention is that it must resign or seek dissolution of Parliament and call a general election. Parliament therefore does have ultimate power in withdrawing its confidence however this is not really a threat due to party discipline; it is more likely to be of influence on the government. A vote of no confidence is rare and even more rarely successful; the last time a government lost such a vote was in 1979 where the Callaghan Government resigned and called a general election. Select committees examine the expenditure, administration and policy of the principal government departments[39] and also investigate other matters of public interest or concern. They are composed, by convention, of backbenchers and this theoretically increases their independence, they are also free to decide which matters to investigate without government approval. Select committees also have the power to send for persons, papers and records[40] to assist in their work and often provide highly influential reports, however they are perhaps more successful in drawing media and subsequently public attention to issues of importance. The party whips also have great influence, if not total control, over membership[41] chairmanship is open to any party and it is therefore possible it will be chaired by an executive party member creating the problem of further dominance within the committee. Committees can also only investigate a small proportion of the activities of the department as they are constrained by time and with each department having its own committee; it is more difficult to investigate issues that cut across several departments. They are also only capable of advising on matters and with no powers to impose sanctions, this is problematic as it does not allow active control. Select committees are also subject to several limitations, such as that there is no obligation that the government should cooperate with them; when the select committee on defence started its inquiry into the Westland Helicopter affair, the government refused to allow witnesses from the Department of Trade and Industry to give evidence. They justified this in saying that giving evidence would have major implications for the conduct and relations of the government. Civil servants have often been forbidden from appearing on the grounds of national security or excessive cost[42]. This is problematic as the executive is protected from real scrutiny by shielding the inner workings of govern ment[43]. Britains unwritten constitution is problematic as its basis on conventions enables the executive to inherit the legal sovereignty of Parliament and subsequently it is the dominant institution to which the other two institutions react[44]. Parliamentary scrutiny does not control the executive, it merely reacts when necessary. This is problematic as it is one of the checks and balances in place to prevent the concentration of power that Montesquieu warned would be a threat to liberty. The executive often appears to abuse its power through its dominance of the legislative process to pass legislation for its benefit and even dominate the mechanisms for its own scrutiny. Lord Hailshams description of an elective dictatorship appears to be the problematic reality. [1] Broadbent,G., Public Law Directions, (2009),   p.50 [2] Dicey, A.V, An Introduction to the Law of the Constitution, (1885), p.38 [3] AC 75 [4] Paine, T., Rights of Man, (1987), p.204 [5] 1 KB 733 [6] 1 KB 590 [7] Ibid at p.597 per Maugham LJ [8] Blackstone, W.,   Commentaries on the Laws of England (1765-69) [9] 8 Cl Fin 710 [10] Alder, J., Constitutional and Administrative Law, (2007), p. 201 [11] AC 765 [12] UKHL 56 [13] Ibid at [104] per Lord Hope [14] Ibid at [71] per Lord Steyn [15] Ibid at [101] per Lord Steyn [16] Barendt, E., Separation of powers and constitutional government, (1995) Win Public Law 599 at p.599 [17] Montesquieu, De lEsprit des Lois, (1794) p.165 [18] Jennings, The Law and the Constitution, (1959) App. 1 [19] Barnett, H., Constitutional and Administrative Law, (2009), p.83 [20] Weill, R., Dicey was not Diceyan, (2003) 62 Cambridge Law Journal 474 at p.490 [21] De Smith, S.A., Constitutional and Administrative Law, (1977), p.321 [22] [1995] 2 A.C. 513 [23] Bagehot, W., The English Constitution, (1867) p.12 [24] Lord Hailsham, Elective Dictatorship (1976) [25] Reform of the House of Commons Select Committee, First Report, Rebuilding the House,   (November 2009) para. 23 [26] Wright, T., British Politics: A Very Short Introduction, (2003), p.88 [27] HL Deb Vol. 643 col. 165 14 January 2003 [28] Barnett op. cit., p.385 [29] Locke, J., Two Treatises of Government, (1824), p.215 [30] Barnett op. cit., p.386 [31] Cabinet Office, The Ministerial Code, (July 2007), p.6 [32] Ibid [33] Erskine May, 1997, Ch.17 [34] Hough, B., Ministerial responses to parliamentary questions: some recent concerns, (2003) Sum Public Law 211 at p.211 [35] Alder op. cit., at p. 306 [36] Barnett, op. cit., at p. 387 [37] Barnett, op. cit., at p. 499 [38] Bradley, A.W., Ewing, K.D., Constitutional and Administrative Law, (2007), p. 217 [39] Standing Orders of the House of Commons, (2009), at p. 150 [40] Ibid at p. 156 [41] Barnett, op.cit., at p. 393 [42] Cabinet Office, Departmental Evidence and Response to Select Committees, (2005) at para. 70 [43] Alder op. cit., at p. 310 [44] Griffin, J.A.G., The Common Law and the Political Constitution (2001) 117 Law Quarterly

Television and Newspaper Coverage of 9/11 :: Papers

Television and Newspaper Coverage of 9/11 This case study will be analysing television news coverage for 11/9/01 and 11/9/02 and newspaper coverage for the same dates. I will start by analysing the newspaper coverage for 11/9/01 and 11/9/02. I looked at five newspapers from 11/9/01, three of which were tabloids, and two of which were broadsheet newspapers. I noticed that each newspaper used visual imperatives overtly throughout. The photographs were powerful, mostly of the twin towers before and after they had been hit, with smoke and fire all around, people jumping out of the towers, and all the debris. The photographs on the front covers were very colourful and filled the whole page, even on the broadsheets, which is not the usual format. Some even used photographs on the back cover, which is usually meant for sport. Use of the images were very effective, as they were dramatic photographs showing the realisation of what had happened. "The Mirror" did not use an image of the towers on the front cover, which was unusual. Instead, it used a small image of the president of the USA, and the word "war" dominating the rest of the page. This was very effective as all the other newspapers looked the same, and this one stood out from them all, yet still had an impact from the word "war". Images throughout the newspapers were very emotionally dramatic and eye-catching. The headlines were brief, blunt and got straight to the point. They did this by using striking words such as apocalypse, nightmare, and war. By using these headlines they expressed to the readers the seriousness of what had happened. There were also supplements that came with the newspapers which were mainly photographs and images, with very little text. Similarly newspaper coverage of 11/9/02, a year on from the event, used the same images, but also used images from after the attack. This was effective as it brought back memories and emotions from the year before. Strong headlines were used again, but this time they were

Daughter from Danang Essay

In 1975 as the Vietnam War was ending, Mai Thi Kim sent her seven- year-old daughter Mai Thi Hiep, later known as Heidi from that war-torn country to the United States in â€Å"Operation Babylift†. This operation saved many Vietnamese children’s life and gave them an opportunity to grow up and out of post-war chaos. This happened to Heidi, as she explains in the film â€Å"Daughter from Danang†, in which 22 years after she was given up for adoption, decides to go back to Vietnam and meet her biological family. However, the theme of culture shock is explored in depth in Daughter from Danang, as Heidi finds herself adrift in an unfamiliar culture and failing to communicate and the unable to cope with reality. In â€Å"Operation Baby Lift,† many of the children weren’t actual orphans–bereaved of both parents and all other relatives. Most children were told, â€Å"You have to remember who you are,† by mothers and other family members who r elinquished them for adoption into North America. During the episode of â€Å"Operation baby lift†, American women from the adoption agency, who were all white with long blond hair and condescending English spoke to Vietnamese women holding their children, telling them in deliberately slow speech, â€Å"Don’t worry, I’ll give your daughter a good home†. Aslo, in another instance, when a Vietnamese woman decided to give her son to a white woman, she responded, â€Å"You have done a good thing for your son. You should be proud.† White women, presented as â€Å"saviors† came to coax these children from Vietnamese women whose babies were mixed of mixed race. This episode blatantly displays three key concepts of: ethnocentrism, stereotypes and prejudice from chapter 8. The white women from the adoption agency presented an ethnocentric attitude by evaluating the Vietnamese culture, according to the standards of their own culture. These women possessed standardized and simplified conceptions that taking these babies away from their biological parents and birthplace and to America was the best opportunity for them. This episode also display the utilization of stereotyping because these white women have assumed the the biased perspective that America is more advanced and will offer these babies more economic prosperity and opportunities. Here, these white women would be viewed as normal and superior, belonging to the â€Å"in-group†, generally the dominating group that they already associate with, or aspire to join. An out-group is simply all the other groups. They are seen as lesser than or inferior to the in-groups. The language, dialogue, and slow speech towards  the Vietnamese parents on the white women’s behalf also displayed prejudice, which can be characterized as an unfavorable attitude towards a social group and its members. Heidi was one such child that was saved from â€Å"Operation B abylift†. As Heidi’s birth mother, Mai Thi Kim, says that Vietnamese women who gave birth to mixed children – babies who were born from sex between an American military person and a Vietnamese woman – were told that their babies would be taken from them because of their being â€Å"illegitimate† children, soaked in gasoline, and burned alive. Kim was scared of this fate for her daughter, thus giving her up made the most sense to her. Hiep was adopted by a single woman, given the name Heidi, and raised in the South. Not looking very Asian, Heidi was accepted in the community of Pulaski, Tennessee, home of the Ku Klux Klan. Various friends and relatives speak of her upbringing and she herself proudly claims to be 101 percent Americanized. By the time Heidi was in her twenties, Heidi’s relationship with her adoptive mother has ended in a swift and irreparable separation. She decides to search for her Vietnamese mother and the unconditional love she expects to re ceive from her. She also wants to get in touch with her roots. Heidi finally connects with Mai Thi Kim, her birthmother who has been trying to find her for years, through Tran Nhu, a consultant to the original â€Å"Operation Babylift† and a translator. She volunteers to accompany Heidi on the trip back to Vietnam and the reunion with her birth mother in Danang. The first meeting between Heidi and Mai Thi Kim at the Danang Airport is a highly emotional moment for the two women who have not seen each other for 22 years. Heidi is delighted to meet her birth mother and half-brother and half-sisters as well, The reunion continues with elaborate meals and a journey to the place where Heidi was born and the shrine of her deceased ancestors. But she grows more and more ill at ease with Vietnam and the customs of her relatives. Culture shock overtakes her in an episode where she is in a market; she is overwhelmed by the heat, smell of the fish, and high context behaviors and communication. She declares she wants nothing more than to go home as so on as possible. Heidi is seen being suffocated by her biological mother who continuously hugs, kiss her and touch her. In addition, her mother took every opportunity to show Heidi to people living in Danang. The concept of intercultural intimate conflict obstacles is displayed here. Heidi is  conflicted and is uncomfortable to the intimacy of spaces and high-context communication style.This feeling of disconnection from her Vietnamese family continuously grows and comes to a climax in a farewell party where her half brother speaks directly to a subject that Heidi does not want to deal with at all. It was at this moment that Heidi’s â€Å"brother† asked her to send money intermittently back from United States to support her family, saying, â€Å"Now we hope you’ll assume the filial responsibility a child has toward a parent.† This episode displays the key concept of intercultural individualism-collectivism relationship expectations. Heidi fails to understand that obligat ions are at the core of traditional Asian moral codes. She brings an individualistic attitude from America that money matters are best not talked about and can only interfere with genuine family relationship. What rapidly followed was powerful: the first time Heidi was able to express her need for space: â€Å"Don’t touch me! Get away!† through tears, as her brother followed her after she left the kitchen where the request for financial support was posed. Here in this scene, the concept of relationship conflict resolutions occurs. Heidi’s blood relatives in Vietnam react to Heidi’s hurt at the request for money. A male sibling says, â€Å"We’re trying to understand your situation and we hope you’ll try to understand ours. Let’s just be happy. Yes, let’s just be happy. Don’t try to force anything.† Heidi’s biological mother remarks, â€Å"We don’t speak the same language so it’s not clear. What does she know about the Vietnamese notion of love and emotion?†¦She doesn’t understand , it’s not good to force her. She’s still in shock. I’m afraid when she goes back, sheâ €™ll be angry†¦.It’s hard. Poor thing, she thinks I’m asking for money.† Her mother continues, â€Å"And all I know is how much I love her.† Another man in the room chalks it up to, â€Å"This is all just a misunderstanding.†To Heidi, she feels that her family are trying to impose financial obligations onto her being that she is a privileged American woman with a better quality of life. She grows to resent them when she leaves Vietnam. In the end of the film, Heidi is shown back at home in Tennessee, with her two daughters and husband. She seeks comfort in her grandmother’s home, leafing through photographs, looking through the fridge for food. Heidi’s grandmother urges her to re-visit Vietnam, to be open-minded about it. Heidi pushes back, â€Å"But you’re who I know† and confesses in a closing interview to closing the door  on the biological family. References Dolgin, G., Franco, V., Roberts, K., Griffin, B. Q., Pà ©rez, H., Van-Anh T. Vo., WGBH (Television station : Boston, M., & PBS Home Video. (2003). Daughter from Danang. [Alexandria, Va.]: Distributed by PBS Home Video Ting-Toomey, S., & Chung, L. (2012) Understanding intercultural communication, (2nd edition). New York: Oxford University Press.