Dealing With the Check 21 Banking Law

A sweeping new federal banking law known as â€Å"Check 21† will go into effect beginning October 28, speeding up check processing and putting consumers at risk for more bounced checks and fees, warns Consumers Union. The consumer group is advising consumers to keep a careful eye on their bank statements in the coming months and issued a set of tips to avoid some of the law’s potentially negative impacts. â€Å"Check 21 will be a boon for the banks who will save billions of dollars once it’s fully implemented,† said Gail Hillebrand, Senior Attorney with Consumers Union’s West Coast Office in a CU press release. â€Å"Consumers could end up losing out if they’re not careful and if banks use the new law as an excuse to bounce more checks and collect more fees.† Starting October 28, 2004, consumers will discover that their bank account statements will come with fewer – or perhaps none – of their canceled paper checks, as banks begin to process checks electronically. Consumers will enjoy less â€Å"float,† meaning that the checks they write will clear much faster. Under the new law, checks could clear as early as the same day, but banks won’t be under any obligation to make funds from checks that consumers deposit into their accounts available any sooner. That could mean more bounced checks and more overdraft fees paid by consumers. Banks maintain that the law will be implemented gradually, but consumers will begin to experience its effects in the coming months as more and more banks and merchants take advantage of electronic processing and other provisions of the law. So even if a consumer’s bank doesn’t implement Check 21 right away, another bank or merchant that processes the consumer’s check might choose to do so. That means the original check may never be returned to the consumer’s bank so the consumer won’t receive the canceled paper check in their bank statement. And any check the consumer writes might clear as early as the same day. Consumers Union is advising consumers to review their bank statements carefully to get a better sense of how Check 21 is affecting them and offers the following tips to avoid its potential pitfalls: Expect the checks you write to clear faster, but not your deposited checks: Dont write a check unless the funds are already in your account.The checks you write will clear faster, but banks arent required to speed up the time when they make funds available from checks that you deposit.Most banks will credit checks you deposit into your account in one day if the check is local. Deposits that are made through ATMs can take an extra day to be credited to your account.And out-of-town checks you deposit can take additional days to be credited to your account.The best way to ensure that your paycheck will be deposited quickly is to arrange for direct deposit through your workplace. Social Security check recipients can also arrange for direct deposit. (Note: starting in 2013, Social Security stopped issuing paper benefit checks.)Ask for a â€Å"recredit† right in writing if your bank makes a check processing error: If a check you write is paid twice, or paid for the wrong amount, or something else goes wrong with your checking account, you may have the right to â€Å"recredit† under Check 21. This â€Å"recredit† right means that you are entitled to have the funds returned to your account within 10 business days unless the bank proves that there was no error.If something goes wrong with your checking account, make a written request that your bank recredit the funds to your account. Your bank can avoid the 10-day recredit deadline if you did not receive a substitute check.Ask for a substitute check if there is a problem with your account involving a check: Check 21 restricts recredit to consumers who were provided with a substitute check. If there is a problem with your account involving a check, always ask for a substitute check, which is a special kind of copy of your paper check. If you now get your original checks back, you could ask for an account that returns substitute checks every month. If your bank charges too much for an account that ret urns substitute checks every month, look for another bank.Find out how your bank plans to treat you under Check 21: Not all banks plan to implement Check 21 in the same manner. Find out if your bank will give you a substitute check if you ask for one and if it plans to charge customers an extra fee for a substitute check. And find out if your bank places a hold on your deposits so you can take steps to avoid bouncing checks and paying overdraft fees once the checks you write start to clear more quickly under Check 21. A fact sheet on the Check 21 law is available at:  http://www.federalreserve.gov/paymentsystems/regcc-faq-check21.htm

Personalit Overview - 1126 Words

Personality Overview Nina M Cleary PSY/405 November 5, 2011 Nanda Mendieta, M.S Personality Overview Personality’s definition can be sorted out in many defining terms depending on who may be providing the definition and on whom. Inclusive of consistent emotions, thoughts and behavior patterns in a person is more than what is needed to help us truly understand the concept and define personality. Each one of us should have a clear perception of our personality that would include what our strengths are, our thoughts, beliefs, motivation, emotions and our weaknesses. Self-awareness means having a clear perception of our personality and allows each of us to understand other people, how they perceive us and our†¦show more content†¦According to Boeree, (2007), the unconscious mind would be made referenced to all the things that are not easily available to awareness and other things such as our drives or instincts. Additionally the unconscious mind includes the things that are put there that we block out voluntarily or involuntarily as in any case r esulting from a traumatic event or episode. Five basic dimensions of personality were proposed by many personality researchers called the â€Å"big five† theory. This theory has grown in popularity and have been for many years but only as broad categories of personality traits. Many books and journals openly discuss and support the five-factor model of personality. Any details surrounding this theory, whether fact or fiction raises controversy regarding the exact labels used of each dimension. These five dimensions represent broad areas of personality where some researches demonstrated that these groupings of characteristics tend to occur together in many people(Feist, Feist, 2009). This theory would also explain why some personality types behave the way they do. A personality type that has a bubbly personality will more than likely be talkative and friendly but may not always occur at the same time. Conclusion Like all psychologists and all scientists, personality psychologists yearn for a unified theory, one we can all agree on,

Get Free Sample Solution on Avon - MyAssignmentHelp

Question: Write an essay on Avon. Answer: Avon is a popular company in women cosmetics industry. It operates in numerous countries across the globe. It is the largest direct seller of the beauty products. The main vision of the company is to manage the diverse workforce and expand its operation outside United States of America that is to India and China. They have tactfully shaped their business and the company also has a unique brand name in the global market. The business models they use are progressing each day. They are capturing the market at a fast rate. The distances between countries have minimized (Gray 2013). Most of the businesses are taking advantages of the market. International market is now not a distant dream. The gap between the countries has shrunk. The companies like Avon are taking the advantage of the situations. Human resource management is the department where recruitment and selection process is handled. It has perceived by many as the key zone of a business enterprise. In Avon, the workforce is huge. It is directed at ladies cosmetics. There are some thousands women are employed in Avon. They recruit female executives to handle the products (Entrekin and Scott-Ladd 2013). The human resource department plays an essential role in the organization. The Human Resource strategies have helped the organization attain success. The human resource department in the organization includes bit traditional and modern methods. The responsibility of the human resource department is not only to hire and select the employee and provide proper training and development. The human resource department is also expected to deliver the right number of individuals who are expected to assist the organization in reducing uncertainty even in unpredictable labor market. The main features of the human resource management are workforce management, personnel management, industrial management and organizational management (Taticchi 2013). Avon gives great emphasis on women empowerment. They are operating in several philanthropic businesses. They are giving a share of their profit to women education and health. Like many enterprises, Avon also has many strength areas to manage its employees effectively. Avon uses many strategies to hire and select the best employees for the benefit of the company. Avon runs leadership program and on-the-job training seminar on a regular basis.It also aims at maintaining the workforce diversity and minority recruitment (Entrekin and Scott-Ladd 2013). Development of global management cadre With the development of globalization the business organizations not only confine in expanding the business to domestic countries but they expand to international market as well. Avon not only targets at selling their product in the Indian market but also aims at expanding its business globally. For the expansion of the business it is essential for the organization to adapt a successful and well development human resource management practices. Companies should hire professional sales persons to compete in the international market. International market is a challenging area where there are barriers to overcome. Avon should acquire the service of local employees so that they can enter the region of their choice. The understanding of market environment is needed to overcome the barriers. Avon has hired millions of door-to-door representatives for entering every domestic household. It has helped them to increase their international market. They have managed to capture huge share in Chine se and Indian market (Johnston and Marshall 2013). Avons strategic human resource department helps the company attain success. The company also faces many challenges due to demographical and social shifts in United States. In order to survive in the globalized it is essential for the company to develop a strategic plan that focuses on development of its supply chain. The development plan should not only be used for the internal development but it is essential for the managers of the organization to consider the supply chain management. With the expansion happening in the global market International Human Resource Management will be needed to help facilitate the changes and new hires that come in from the home country to help make the business model run smoothly (Cavusgil et al. 2014). Avon is the largest direct seller the beauty products. The company has been successful in marinating its unique position in the global marketplace. The company aims at expanding its branches across the globe. It mainly targets at the young and the middle age crowd to sell its products. It is a well established brand in terms of beauty products and toiletries. The main credit for the success of the company goes to the female CEO of the company. To maintain a unique position in the global world it is essential for the firm to maintain its human resource efficiently. In a global world the companys workforce and sales people are the main representatives taking orders and dealing with the customers on a daily basis in consumer and industrial market. It is essential for the organization to train the workforce in order to develop a productive sales force (Gray 2013). It is essential for Avon to maintain the global workforce as it is the company that employs four million independent representatives across the globe. For creating a unique position it is essential for the firm to train and maintain a global and a diverse workforce. The companys compensation structure is commendable. It ensures that the company is able to maintain a standard environment for the workforce and should concentrate on the professional development of the firms diverse workforce. Avons five principles and values include trust, respect, belief, humility and integrity (Jones 2014). Recruitment and Selection The human resource department is the most essential part of the organization as the main responsibility of the department is hiring the right employees for the right job. The responsibility of human resource is also to train and develop the best employees of the company to achieve the goals of the company. Avon is a global company that has a dedicated human resource team that aims at recruiting and maintaining the best employees to achieve the goals of the firms. Qualities like culture empathy, workforce valuing, interpersonal skills and communication skills are needed to be a good human resource manager. A human resource manager should know how to extract the best out of any worker. Crucial characteristics like self-motivation, maintaining ethical standard, relationship buildup and organizing skills are observed in a human resource manager. The strategies facilitate full potential to recruit in Avon (Cornish et al. 2015). The company can use it leadership skills and motivational ski lls to hire and retain the best workforce in India and China. Having a female boss as Chief Executive Officer (CEO) has also helped the company to hire the best female employees as it helps in better understanding the needs of female customers than the male counterparts. Andrea Jung is their CEO. Before she joined Avon, the company was struggling to keep pace with their competitors. They were facing low revenues and high debts. Andrea Jung took charge and she implemented several strategies in both US offices and foreign offices. It helped to boost the market share and minimize their debts. They are now targeting new and upcoming markets of China and India (Valenti and Horner 2013). In addition to workforce diversity and minority recruitment, the company supports women empowerment programs (Daniels and Ganitsky 2014). A good leadership program also helps in recruiting the best employees of the company. The managers and leaders motivate the common people to join the company. They run programs on the job training, seminars on a regular basis. Knowledge and the ability to influence and inspire the followers is strength of them. These programs sharpen the knowledge and skills of the people. The initiatives give strength to the weakness areas and provide accountability and clear vision (Fallah 2013). Cross Cultural training and practices Cross - cultural communication model has become strategically important to the companies. It gives emphasis on growth of global business. The emergence of technology and science has done magic for every company. Understanding Cross-cultural communication is important for the company that have diverse workforce. Avon plans to conduct multicultural events that can cater to various regions. The knowledge of culture and language is important for an international business company (Prasad 2015). Employees from different background and culture coordinate at organization to meet the goals of the company. It is essential for the human resource department to develop a plan in order to provide cross cultural training and practices of the employees that come from different background. The demand for the cross cultural training is increasing in the organizations due to the risk that the company is facing because of the differences in the culture of the employees. The main aim is to increase the c ultural diversity at workplace. Avon Company also aims at managing the workforce that come from different background and culture. Cross cultural training is an educative process that focuses on promoting intellectual learning through effective competencies. It helps in effective interactions of people across diverse cultures. Cross culture is the interaction of people from different background at the workplace. The main issue of cross culture arises in the international business where the trade depends on the interaction of employees from different cultures, countries and regions (Moran et al. 2014). Cross cultural training helps in effective communication. It also helps in understanding the values of an individual through proper self assessment and training. It also helps in building intercultural competence that is essential in international business. Cross cultural training helps in developing awareness between people where a common cultural framework does not exist. It also helps the people to learn about themselves. Cross cultural training also helps in promoting self confidence empowering them with a sense of self control. It also helps in motivating employees and builds a trust among employees at workplace. Cross cultural training and practices also helps in breaking the cultural barriers through proper learning and knowledge. The employees are able to develop interpersonal skills and listening skills that helps in self development that can be used for then benefit of the company (Ting-Toomey et al. 2012). Dealing with culturally diverse workforces Seventy percent of the companys revenues are generated outside the United States of America. The major contributors are India and China. The author selects two cultural dimensions from the globe study to explain its illustration (De Mooij 2013). Since the company wants to expand its business to china and India it is essential for the organization to analyze the cultural factors that exist in the country and how it differs from that of United States of America. Since the marketing and business strategies of the firms depends on the background and culture of the country in which it is operating the organization should compare the contrasts in the cultural backgrounds of the country (Prasad 2015). Compare and contrast: Cross Cultural factors for China and India China and India relies up on innovations in many sectors. These two countries are seen as the future super powers. Their economic boom is attracting the global enterprises towards them. First is the role of government, in both of these countries the government gives preference to innovation. Avon is trying to enter the markets of these two nations. The china government has kept everything regulated in china. They have many laws that are strict and hinder the proliferation of innovation. To start something new needs lots of courage and determination. In contrast, the Indian government promotes innovation by fostering start up businesses. The culture and traditions take a centre stage in both the countries. The communist government of china is different from the democratic government of India. The culture in India is however more open to change and new things. While Avon can get good infrastructure in China, India lacks miles behind in this section (Moran et al. 2014). The transportation system in China is more developed and in India, the domestic supplies rely on railway system. The in-road trips are more expensive and time consuming. Shanghai is one of the most developed cities in the World. On the other hand, Indian cities like Mumbai, Delhi and Bangalore still have a lot to do in terms of building world-class facilities. The corruption is another area of concern in India. While in China, the government takes stern steps for protecting the country from any type of corruption. India still tries to keep their tradition and culture intact while simultaneously being exposed to western culture. This is a positive point in India that Avon must try to capture. The openness of Indians helped Avon to enter the subcontinent (De Mooij 2013). The general cultural differences of India and China with United States of America Compared to countries like China, India is not having enough quality infrastructure and labor output. In this area, India is way behind United States even from China. On the other hand, US have good legal laws. It is very necessary for international investment and in zones. The globalization has managed changes that are now irreversible in both states as the procedure continues to change. India is well positioned in the area. Chinese economy is considered stronger than India. The economic dependence of Chinese economy is ahead of India since last thirty years. They are consistently decoding several markets. Innovation can be seen as a factor. China and India relies up on innovations in many sectors (Moran et al. 2014). These two countries are seen as the future super powers. Their economic boom is attracting the global enterprises towards them. First is the role of government, in both of these countries the government gives preference to innovation. The export sections and their volu me is huge compare to India. A country like India depends more on imports more than export. On the other hand, America has adopted a complete turnaround on World Trade Organization (WTO) issue. They took more interest on securing Chinese rapport against terrorism issues at the last APEC summit in China this month. United States could not harp on its continual promotion of human rights theories (Yang et al. 2013). It can be said that the policy of decision-making process is much more complex in India as compared to China. The globalization has managed changes that are now irreversible in both states as the procedure continues to change. On the subject of democracy, India is well anchored in the area. Chinese economy is considered stronger than India. The economic dependence of Chinese economy is ahead of India since last thirty years. On the other hand, the recession has hit hard the United States firms. They previously relied on European nations for business. Nevertheless, the slowdown of economy in euro zone has made United States to change their global policy. Currently United States are shifting their view towards the alternative markets of Asia and Middle East. The booming market of Hong Kong, Taiwan, Japan, Korea, China and India has attracted the investors from United States region. The objective of the China government was to inject life in the economy. China similarly has been extract ed from overseas China networks of enterprise (Cooke et al. 2014). Two cultural dimensions from the GLOBE study GLOBE project is a long-term programme designed for making a concept, operation, and testing and validate. A cross cultural program theory of the human relation between culture and society is there to examine. The organizational leadership should be directed to enhance the organizational leadership (Chhokar et al. 2013).GLOBE empirically established nine cultural dimensions that make it possible to capture the similarities or differences in norms, values, beliefs and practices among societies. The case analyzes the case of AVON and compares it with India and China to understand the differences in the cultural dimensions of the two countries. Power Distance: the degree to which members of collective group expect power to be distributed equally is the power distance cultural dimension of the project. The power distance specifies the all people are equal in society. The power distance is measured as 40 units in USA while it is 80 units in China. This suggests that people in USA has some form of discrimination while people at China considers everyone equal at society. It is an essential factor as it greatly affects the leadership and motivation of employees. Discrimination benefits only the leaders in the society. People work at more harmony and peace on China than USA due to presence absence of inequality at USA. Uncertainty Avoidance: The extent to which a society, organization, or group relies on social norms, rules, and procedures to alleviate unpredictability of future events. People at USA are more likely to take risk than that of China as the data suggests. US scores below the average score. As a consequence, the perceived context in which Americans find themselves will impact their behavior more than if the culture would have either scored higher or lower (Source: Mason 2014). Implication of cross cultural differences on communication and leadership The interpersonal control is a communicational strategy that influences the role relationship of the interacting individuals. The interpersonal strategies are singled out as a medium to try to keep the other person in either group work or in individual work. CAT theorists have articulated few explicit operations of interpersonal skills. CAT model writes on social identification theory to propose the people often converge to signal that they belong to a same society group. Intercultural communication in the workplace is highly influenced by intergroup processes. The time when social identity dominates the intergroup behaviour occurs. The interaction took place in the context of an inter-group orientation. It gives a space to fulfil an identity function. The individual characteristics of communicators have relied on social groups and their memberships, such as cultural background or status (Freedman 2014). The culture can be pointed out as having a bearing on the way organizations operate. Culture is defined as a set of historical contexts involvement. The aim of the company was to recognize that attitudes are appropriately used on both micro and macro level. The macro level commitments are not only an area to change by legal changes in the government. It also shares economic legislations at socio-cultural and economy level with other states within the kind of associations. Cultural differences have great impact on leadership and motivation. Cultural differences can interfere with the successful completion of projects in todays multicultural global business community (Valenti and Horner 2013). Future expansion Avon's fashion-line product range is involved in the manufacture and distribution of the company's non-beauty product line such as fashion ornaments, watches, apparel, footwear and other materials. Their products are especially made for the use of ladies. The products have caused a fan base in China and India. The females in these two countries like the Avon beauty products like anything. They are also joining the business as customer service professionals or sales executives. Some of the women are keeping the Avon products as part of Franchise business. Avon has started a trend in these two countries. Avon introduces gift and attractive products, house wares, entertainment and leisure items, and children's and nutritional products through its home category products (Jones 2014). Adding to these, the company also produces health and wellness products it is helping to keep a healthy lifestyle. The lack of strategic focus has affected the company's non-core business fashion and home pr oduct lines. Avons fashion and home product line registered a decline of 5% and 1.3% respectively as compared to the previous year (Kumar 2014). Mark, launched new digital social selling application that is connected the shoppers with Representatives on Facebook for the first time. Avons Mark is the only organization presently to have a social selling element that connects shoppers on Facebook. The increasing popularity of beauty contests and increasing disposable incomes have captured the emerging markets in countries like India, China, Bangladesh, Brazil and Korea. The markets here are coming as more essential to beauty product companies like Avon. In China, Avon Products was permitted a contracted selling license by Chinese Ministry of Commerce in 2006 (Avon.uk.com. 2016). The company has entered the operations in China since then becoming the second largest cosmetics market in Asia after Japan. The main country that Avon is planning to expand is India and China. Role of women in society in India and China Women play an important role in society. They are the main customers of the Avon Company as they invest major part of their income in purchasing beauty products. Avon is a company that caters to women. Therefore, they needed to be run by a female boss. Having a female boss as CEO has helped them to match enormous success of any other successful company. She can better understand the needs of female customers than her male counterpart can. It has helped Avon to implement and execute the plans successfully. Andrea Jung is their CEO. Before she joined Avon, the company was struggling to keep pace with their competitors. They were facing low revenues and high debts. Andrea Jung took charge and she implemented several strategies in both US offices and foreign offices. It helped to boost the market share and minimize their debts. They are now targeting new and upcoming markets of China and India (Jones 2014). Women play a great role in Avon. In fact Avon is considered to be the first movers in the workforce diversity and minority recruitment in the United States and over eighty six percent of management positions in the company are held by women. The main vision of statement of the company is that it is essential to satisfy and understand women before supplying them products and for this it is essential to hire as much employees it can in its organization. The company is involved in hiring large part of women members in its firm. Fifty percent of the companys board of directors is females. The maximum representatives of the women of the company in the global and imternational women are women and females. It is role model in providing employment opportunities to female representatives. The company is also involved in generously providing funds for cancer research, education, career development and other charitable program (Ghemawat 2013). Since Avon wants to expand its business in India and China it is essential for Avon to target the women section of society as they are the main purchasers of the cosmet8cs and beauty products that Avon provides. Women play an important role in India and China as the major section of its employees is women only. Hence they play an essential role in society. It will also affect the human resource strategies of the company. Refernces Avon.uk.com. (2016). Online Brochure. [online] Available at: https://www.avon.uk.com/brochure/ [Accessed 6 Jun. 2016]. Bakir, A., Blodgett, J.G., Vitell, S.J. and Rose, G.M., 2015. A preliminary investigation of the reliability and validity of Hofstedes cross cultural dimensions. InProceedings of the 2000 Academy of Marketing Science (AMS) Annual Conference(pp. 226-232). Springer International Publishing. Brown, S.E. and Curtis, E.S., Avon Products, Inc., 2015.Cosmetic Composition Containing Novel Fractal Particle-Based Gels. U.S. Patent Application 14/933,188. Cavusgil, S.T., Knight, G., Riesenberger, J.R., Rammal, H.G. and Rose, E.L., 2014.International business. Pearson Australia. Chan, Y.Y. and Mansori, S., 2016. Factor that influences consumers' brand loyalty towards cosmetic products.Journal of Marketing Management and Consumer Behavior,1(1). Chhokar, J.S., Brodbeck, F.C. and House, R.J. eds., 2013.Culture and leadership across the world: The GLOBE book of in-depth studies of 25 societies. Routledge. Cooke, F.L., Saini, D.S. and Wang, J., 2014. Talent management in China and India: A comparison of management perceptions and human resource practices.Journal of World Business,49(2), pp.225-235. Cornish, R., Tilling, K., Boyd, A., Macleod, J. and Van Staa, T., 2015. Using linkage to electronic primary care records to evaluate recruitment and nonresponse bias in the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children.Epidemiology (Cambridge, Mass.),26(4), p.e41. Daniels, J. and Ganitsky, J., 2014. Beauty Competition in Central America: Zermat vs Avon. InMultinationals in Latin America(pp. 20-33). Palgrave Macmillan UK.. De Mooij, M., 2013.Global Marketing and Advertising: Understanding Cultural Paradoxes: Understanding Cultural Paradoxes. Sage Publications. Entrekin, L. and Scott-Ladd, B.D., 2013.Human resource management and change: a practising manager's guide. Routledge. Fallah, N., 2013.The question of leadership in communities of practice: the case of international institutions(Doctoral dissertation, Strasbourg). Freedman, R.J., 2014. Reections on Beauty.Health and the Female Adolescent, p.29. Ghemawat, P., 2013.Redefining global strategy: Crossing borders in a world where differences still matter. Harvard Business Press. Gray, L., 2013. The depth metaphor and international human resource development: from theory to practice.Human Resource Development International,16(4), pp.426-440. In.avon.com. (2016). Avon | Shop Cosmetics, Skincare, Fashion, Fragrance. [online] Available at: https://www.in.avon.com/PRSuite/home_page.page [Accessed 6 Jun. 2016]. Johnston, M.W. and Marshall, G.W., 2013.Sales force management: Leadership, innovation, technology. Routledge. Jones, G., 2014. Business History and the Impact of MNEs on Host Economies.Multidisciplinary Insights from New AIB Fellows (Research in Global Strategic Management, Volume 16) Emerald Group Publishing Limited,16, pp.177-198. Kumar, V., 2014. Understanding cultural differences in innovation: a conceptual framework and future research directions.Journal of International Marketing,22(3), pp.1-29. Mason, M., 2014. Comparing cultures. InComparative Education Research(pp. 221-257). Springer International Publishing. Moran, R.T., Abramson, N.R. and Moran, S.V., 2014.Managing cultural differences. Routledge. Prasad, R., 2015. Cross-cultural communication.Educating Young Children: Learning and Teaching in the Early Childhood Years,21(3), p.21. Taticchi, P., 2013. Sustainability Measurement and Reporting: Impacts on Finance, Stakeholders Communication and Internal Measurement Practices. InCorporate Sustainability(pp. 221-231). Springer Berlin Heidelberg. Ting-Toomey, S. and Chung, L.C., 2012.Understanding intercultural communication. New York, NY: Oxford University Press. Valenti, A. and Horner, S.V., 2013. 22. Factors supporting womens career advancement: differences between male and female CEOs in the United States.Handbook of Research on Promoting Womens Careers, p.433. Yang, J., Counts, S., Morris, M.R. and Hoff, A., 2013, February. Microblog credibility perceptions: Comparing the usa and china. InProceedings of the 2013 conference on Computer supported cooperative work(pp. 575-586). ACM. Yin, T., 2014.Leadership development for Chinese managers in cross culture learning context: an empirical action research in China(Doctoral dissertation, Rennes 1). Zheng, Q., Wyborski, R., Santhanam, U., Lyga, J.W., Ptchelintsev, D.S. and Chen, S.W., Avon Products, Inc., 2015.Paxillin stimulating compositions and cosmetic uses thereof. U.S. Patent 9,066,896.

Faith and Hope free essay sample

Why is it a problem? Why are we relevant to the issue? What can we do to cure this serious disease of teen issuesAfter reading Shattering Glass and Slam, I thought that the least I could was do was to learn about the importance of these matters. Our group split into parts, and I was interested in teenage pregnancy and the consequences the mother must make, the life she may live and how different the baby may make her life. I could only find information on the internet, and I wanted to hear a story from a real person who experienced teen pregnancy, but that wasn’t possible. Consequently, my research started out by learning about teen pregnancy and the consequences the mother and the baby must survive. In my research, I learned that United States of America has a very high pregnancy rate. Three quarters of a million American teenagers get pregnant between the ages of 15 and 19. Out of all teen pregnancies, one third chooses abortion. 82 percent of teen pregnancies are untended. After I saw the numbers, I really thought that teen pregnancy was a serious matter. I found it surprising to see that many teens my age pregnant, facing problems I’ve never met. I don’t know anyone who has experienced teen pregnancy, and until this research, this topic has been unfamiliar with me. Through this research, I have understood that having a baby at young ages are risky for both the mother and the baby. The mother of the baby, many still at my age, must have to sacrifice her school life or give up her dream. This was not just an article in the newspaper. This was real American teen life. One thing that really caught my mind was that the percentage of abortion was very high. It was not just the number in teen pregnancies, but in pregnancies all together. I was very shocked to know that so many mothers choose abortion, when the new life has many possibilities in life. If you were the baby being killed, would you care about how old your parents are? Would you be hurt by the fact that you were born when your mom had you? I wouldnt. I would worry more about my parents killing me. If you were the mother, how could you ever get over killing an innocent soul? The new life is smaller than you in size, but the value, the importance of the two lives are exactly the same. If your mother killed you, how would feel? Would you still kill your precious life God gave you and the babys father? In the world, there are many couples who do not receive the gift of a new baby. Many couples are drowning in sorrow tears, while you are thinking about murdering your flawless baby? Many teens have excuses for having an abortion. Although I understand that the baby may ruin your life by making it necessary to drop out of school, I do not find the many excuses heavy enough to make the abortion okay. Unlike Japan, high school in America is required education. Droppi ng out of high school, due to teen pregnancy, can hurt your future. You may have trouble getting into college or finding a job. With your education cut short, you may have trouble living a comfortable life. High school is the most exciting point in your school life. I look up to high school students. Having to drop out of your dream life may be very difficult for you, emotionally. Reading the lines of Slam, I was very proud of Alicia. Her decision was a very brave, strong and a hard one to make. Her pregnancy came suddenly, very unexpected. She chose not to run away from her situation, but to stand against it. She accepted the fact that it was her own fault?(and Sam’s) that the pregnancy came, and she decided to turn it in to a happy incident. I respect her for that, and as I turned the pages I found her braveness a comfort. Although I knew that this book was fiction, it still gave me a firm hug. I had heard about many teens that have abortion, because they are not ready for their baby. I was afraid, I was afraid because teens where killing babies as if they were offered with a worthless toy and they could do whatever they wanted to do with it, when the precious baby was really the result of an irresponsible action, in her case. There are teens in America like Alicia, and I appreciate their existence. I have never had this experience or gone through the fear of pregnant teenagers, and I may sound as if I do not know anything. That may be true, and if I was put in their situation, I honestly do not know what I would do. I have made it clear in above that I do not want an abortion, but I do not have enough confidence to just tell my partner and my parents that I am ready to be a mother. I am not, and I do not plan on becoming a mother any time soon. However, I do not that I am not as strong as Alicia was. I am still 15 years old. I have only been breathing for 5,500 days. I am growing in to a woman, but inside I still feel young. I would be a baby having a baby. My instincts tell me that it is not time yet. I have a whole life in front of me. If I was notified that I was pregnant today, I would feel as if my bright future was gone. I would probably have no choice but to drop out of high school, making it almost impossible for me to graduate college and to get a good job. I would also worry about what people would think of me. I doubt someone would bully me to death, but I know that some people will not have a good image of me. People may say sad things to me. Maybe they’ll even tear my heart to pieces. Verbal bullying seems as if it is not a big deal, but it can lead to emotional stress, and if it continues, it may end in death. Imagine if you got pregnant, and you were treated differently. Simon Glass was a person everyone hated, worked his way to the top, and was killed. Shattering Glass was a shocking book, and in some ways, I thought that it was like Slam. Simon tried hard, with help, to become part of the popular squad. I know that it wasn’t easy. It was similar with Alicia and Sam. It wasn’t easy to tell their parents and to get their understanding. They both went over hard times, and they saw bright lights. You have to have faith in yourself. It takes a lot to trust the future. Many teens in America are now facing this issue. Yes, teen pregnancy is an issue. The â€Å"normal† time of having a baby is after you are married. However, just because you have your baby earlier than that, does it make your pregnancy wrong? I do not think that it is wrong. Once you get pregnant, you are responsible of the baby’s life. No matter how old you are, you are the baby’s mother. It doesn’t matter if you are married or not. Planned or unplanned, the baby is. It is you and the father’s job to protect the new life. You may not be ready emotionally, and you may have difficulties, but the baby is yours. Take a deep breath, and look at the world in front of you. The United States of America tells us that one out of 10 births involve a teen mother. How many teenagers are out in the world, with a baby? In conclusion, I think that being a parent as a teen is not wrong. But as we said before, there are problems that come with it, which makes is an issue, something we need to care about. Having a 16 year old mother and father may make the life of the baby hard. If will make the mother and the father face difficulties, such as financial problems, and overall, the guilt of not being able to live what everyone calls a normal life, may be too much. Someone has to be there to remove you burden and lighten your shoulders. I think that education comes first. America has many teens that are facing this right now. We are on the other side of the globe, but that does not make this issue irrelevant from us. I am sure Japan is going through similar issues. Teen pregnancy is not a part of God’s plan. But it happens today, and there are risks for the mother and the baby. We need to face it. This is our world, and we cannot change that. Tomorrow is not far away. All I can do is hope that tom orrow, our world will be a better place.

Our Town Essays - Our Town, Emily Webb, Pretty Little Liars

Our Town Our Town, by Thornton Wilder is a play that takes place in a small fictional town of Grover's Corner, New Hampshire; beginning in 1901 and ending in 1913. The play takes the audience through the cycles of life, with the purpose of getting a universal message stating that life shouldn't be taken for granted. Emily Webb, one of the most important characters in the play, is Wilder's character in which he uses to show the audience a universal message that anyone would understand and relate to. Emily is a character that is normal enough so that the audience could relate to her; and yet be different in little ways that makes people love and adore her. For example, Emily went through the most common events in a woman's life: marriage, childbirth, and death in the play. These cycles makes her common, thus relatable to the audience. Without going through common events in life, the character would seem distant and likeable to the audience. Similarly, when Emily said that she expects a man to be perfect, it makes her special. Wilder put in that scene because he believed that even though there is a basic image of an average person, to be truly average, the character must have a difference to separate the character from the crowd. If the character doesn't have any differences, then the character would be faceless; impossible for the character to take a major role in the play. Emily is portrayed uniquely in her own way, and yet is still within the boundaries of everyone else. The character Emily plays a crucial scene in the play, the part where Emily went back to her twelfth birthday. At first, Emily wanted to go back and relive the happiest day of her life, but Mrs. Gibbs stopped her and told her to visit a normal day instead. Mrs. Gibbs knew what would happen to Emily if she had relived a joyful day in her life. If Emily had went back to a special occasion, she would've been overwhelmed by the all the beauty that she didn't pay attention to. Therefore, Emily went to relive her twelfth birthday, but wasn't as happy as she thought she would have been. Emily couldn't understand why her own mother wouldn't even spare the time to look at her on her birthday. She then concluded that the living is ignorant and doesn't appreciate the small things that are in their lives every day. The character Emily is perfect just the way she is. If Wilder changed Emily, the universal message might not be as effective as it is now. Meaning that the audience wouldn't like the idea given from a character that is unlike them.

Pro Guide for an Exploratory Essay on the Nature of Synthesis

Pro Guide for an Exploratory Essay on the Nature of Synthesis Previously, we discussed 20 topics for an exploratory essay on the nature of synthesis as well as 10 facts 10 facts for an exploratory essay on the nature of synthesis help you start writing with ease. In this guide, â€Å"Pro Guide for an Exploratory Essay on the Nature of Synthesis†, however, we will discuss how an exploratory essay should be written and what it really is. With that being said, let’s get started: What is an Exploratory Essay? Most paper assignments require you to be argumentative. But this is not the case with exploratory essays. These essays are more exploratory. Just to be completely clear, the main point of exploratory essays is to share information with the reader by gathering it from credible sources and inquiring about a particular topic. In other words, you shouldn’t be argumentative as you would in other essays, rather, you would explore a particular topic or idea, and share your knowledge with your audience ― asking some questions along the way and answering them accordingly. Now, let’s discuss some basics: Writing the Introduction Your introduction is one of the most important parts of your essay. It is what persuades the reader to read further. In order to write the perfect introduction, you have to answer the following questions briefly: What is the article about? Why should the audience read it? What do you want the audience to do after reading it? Answering these questions properly can make a huge difference between writing an average introduction and an exemplary one. These questions will also allow you to write your body content in detail. Here is how you should answer questions in the body: Writing the Body Paragraphs/content The Context You content should be able to clarify what your main idea is. In order to do this, you should explain the situation in a way that makes perfect sense to the reader. Keep in mind that the context should also be compelling and educational so that your readers would be interested to read further and are willing to act upon it. The Research Question Once you’ve written great context, it’s time to ask your readers research question(s). These questions should clearly communicate what you want to explore and what’s the reason behind your exploration. It’s recommended to give an overview of the sources you explored and discovered ― the sources can clear things up further. For long papers, it’s highly recommended to forecast what you explored and how you explored it. You can do this by outlining the structure of your essay. The outline should include sources and the information in those sources. Let’s take an example here: In order to find the answers to my research question, I explored the topic by reading news sources. I went further and conducted interviews with a primary source. To make my research even more credible, I studied scholarly sources. All of the information I collected from these sources gave me the ability to answer my research question(s). Although, it didn’t allow me to fully answer those questions, it helped me narrow down the subject and allowed me to learn immensely from it. Remember, you don’t need to argue in exploratory essays. Instead, you conduct a thorough research on a particular topic (or question) and then share your findings and insights with the audience. That’s what an exploratory essay is all about. Concluding the Essay Finally, you want to restate what you discovered from the sources and what kind of solutions you found to the problem/question. If you didn’t find any, then point the reader to sources that explain the answer to the question or just tell them that you would write another essay on it which would be do justice to the topic. That’s it! Now you are in a position to write an exemplary exploratory essay in no time. Just remember to proofread your content twice before submitting it.

Theater Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 1

Theater - Essay Example A man who suffers from congenital analgesia, a condition where he is unable to feel any form of pain falls in love with a woman and realizes that bruises and lacerations aren’t the only form pain that the human body could experience. The character’s exploration of pain and love is not only heart-warming but gives a close association between emotions and how they affect the well-being of our body. It shows how love repairs the character’s body and discusses a very novel concept in this short story titled â€Å"this hurts†. By the end of Steve’s story, his condition is miraculously healed as he falls in love and begins to experiences pain that he was medically unable to feel. The story could have given greater depth to Steve’s and his lover’s character but the fact that the play had eight more stories it is quite understandable as to why the plot wasn’t only superficially elaborated upon. All in all â€Å"Almost, Maine† is a well-written play that requires immense aptitude for its production and the director and actors did a wonderful job in bringing together all these exquisite notions in one

American Presidents, Religious Cultural Heritage, and Nuclear Weapons Dissertation

American Presidents, Religious Cultural Heritage, and Nuclear Weapons Decisions - Dissertation Example In 1945, nuclear bomb was dropped in Hiroshima and Nagasaki and it showed the extent of the devastation and death, which resulted from the use of nuclear bomb. Through it, people became aware of the magnitude of destruction because of the nuclear bombing in Hiroshima and Nagasaki. In turn, these events ushered a new phase in war and military armaments –nuclear warfare and nuclear weapons. It changed the manner in which international relationship among countries was conducted and it altered the view of international politics as the international community adapted to the reality of the threat of nuclear war. In this context, the necessity of understanding the threat of nuclear weapons and nuclear war falls not only from the perspective of politics, but also from the view of religion. Since, religion plays an important role in the shaping and defining of the values and beliefs of the society and then individual. However, this research will focus on the effect of religion pertinen t to nuclear decision-making of some Presidents of the United States. Although war has long been part of human story, WW II is different from all other wars noted in history. It is not because technology is adopted in the development of war armaments. In fact, technological innovations are applied in war regardless of the period. For instance, this shows that idea of applying technology in war is not a distinguishing attribute of WW II. Rather what distinguishes it from other wars in history is the reality of nuclear atomic bomb. The determination of the potential of nuclear atomic bomb and the first nuclear atomic bomb was established by the Manhattan Project at a cost of $2 billion. This project was known only to a few people and the intention was to build an atomic bomb. The scientists under the direction of Robert Oppenheimer were in a race against the Nazis who they thought were also building atomic bombs.6 When it was first tested and was exploded in the desert of Alamogordo, New Mexico on July 16, 1945, it was described as â€Å"flashing with t he brightness of several suns at Midday† 7 The nuclear atomic bomb was first used during WWII. It was dropped in Hiroshima and Nagasaki to stop the Japanese onslaught in Asia. 8 On August 6, 1945, the U.S. B-29 Superfortress Enola gay dropped

Pepperdine University Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Pepperdine University - Essay Example I have also participated in the Model United Nations (MUN) program and subsequently volunteered as administration staff. As a consequence of my active involvement and demonstrated leadership I received an award for the â€Å"Best Admin Staff†. As a MUN member, on a trip to Jordan, we helped: to reconstruct a broken down school in a poverty-stricken area; built fences and walls; constructed a basketball court and set-up the hoops; painted the walls; fixed the windows; and, read and played soccer with the children. For the past three years, I have worked as a Kid ´s counselor in a Summer Camp. This experience led me to develop my leadership skills, be in charge of a group aged 8-11, and assume responsibility for the group ´s tasks deliverance. Some of my hobbies are track and field and running. I am not only inclined to sports activities, I am also culturally interested in the fine arts. I play the piano and love to listen to music. Being part of Pepperdine University will broaden my horizons and will allow me to discover and explore a variety of people with whom I will be able to share my experiences and my background. Becoming a Business Management undergraduate will equip me with the necessary tools to work with faculty that are involved in research topics in this area and with whom I will be an asset to work with given my seriousness in working and experiences. I hope Pepperdine University gives me the opportunity to achieve my goals and expand on my future endeavors concerning Business Management.

Early Growth And Development Of Islam Religion Essay

Early Growth And Development Of Islam Religion Essay The foundation of Islam can be traced back to 6th century Saudi Arabia. Islam is the youngest of the enormous world religions. Islam is the religion of loyalty to God, or Allah, and his prophet Muhammad. The word Islam itself means obedience to Allah. Muhammad is the central prophet of the Islamic faith. He was born into a noble Quraish clan, and he was orphaned at an early age. Mohammed lived from around 570C.-632C. He also grew up to be a successful merchant in his home town Mecca. The prophet Muhammad introduced Islam in 610 A.D. after experiencing what he declared to be an angelic visitation, which consisted of the angels command from God for Muhammad. Muhammad dictated the Quran, the holy book of Islam, which Muslims believe to be the perfect words of Allah, their God. It is said, that beginning when he was around 40 years old, Muhammad was commanded by Allah to recite the words that would later become Islams book and Holy Scripture, the Quran. Mohammed is also said to have rece ived all of his revelations over a period of around 23 years from the angel Gabriel, who was repeating the word of God to Muhammad. However, to a spiritual Muslim, Islam began long before Muhammad ever walked the earth. Early Growth and Development: After Muhammud completed the Quran, he traveled back to his hometown to spread the news of his new religion. Soon, Arab conquests outside of Arabia began under the second caliph, Umar. The religion of Islam and the Muslim community began to stretch through the Middle East through invasion and the result in growth of the Muslim state offered the ground in which the newly exposed faith could thrive. The military occupation was encouraged by religion, but it was also motivated by gluttony and politics. But this combination of motives united to form a procedure that created Islamic and Arab ideals, and societies into a fast-growing spiritual and political uniqueness. The early progress of Islam quickly started with military expansion. Abbasid decline became evident in the second half of the ninth century as the conversion to Islam accelerated. Transition Period: After the death of Muhammad in 632 CE, the youthful Muslim alliance came under tension. Some of the tribes determined that their loyalty to Islam had been principally to Muhammad himself. His death approved them to conclude their faithfulness to Mecca and to Islam. This began to cause many new problems in the Muslim community because many had become sincere Muslim believers and began to fight amongst themselves over who should take control now that Muhammad had passed away. To make things more difficult, Muhammad had not left clear directions as to who should lead and take power of the society. Fortunately, the community immediately choose Muhammads close friend and father-in-law, Abu Bakr, as his heir. Abu Bakr was famous as the first caliph and a innovative monarch of the society. The title of caliph gave Abu the status of a spiritual leader, in addition to his political power. This can be seen as a similar role as the Judaic priest. Abu Bakr took hasty military feat in opposition to the communities that sought to break away. These campaigns, identified as the apostasy or ridda wars, effectively consolidated Arabia into a single nation under Muslim rule within two years. The political position of Islam, and the task Muhammad had given it as a political and religious strength was toughened in the military conquests. Within half a century of the prophets death, Islam had spread to more than three continents. By the 8th century, Africa, western Asia and even Europe had been influenced and conquered, in several regions, by the Muslim conquests. The original Islamic doctrine was not a faith of war nor did it multiply primarily by means of invasion. The wars and battles that took place around Saudi Arabia were targeted at controlling and correcting the many communities of people that worshiped false idols, in contrast to the real God, or Allah. Islam was spread by declaring war against those clans which did not accept the message of God. At first, Christians and Jews were not required to convert or were treated with disrespect. In addition to the region around Saudi Arabia, the vast lands of the Middle East dominated by the Arab armies in a small period were ultimately converted to Muslim by the appeal of the latest religion, instead of by the sword. It was faith in one God and stressed the importance of his mercy that brought immense numbers of people into the religion of Islam. The new faith did not oblige people to convert to Islam. Many continued to remain Jews and Christians and to this day, significant communities of the supporters of these faiths are found in Muslim lands. The expansion of Islam was not restricted to its astonishing early growth outside of Arabia. During later centuries the Turks accepted Islam calmly as did a great number of the citizens of the Indian subcontinent. Islam has stretched during the past two centuries even under the potent authority of European colonial monarch. Today: Islam is a large and powerful worldwide religion up to this day. Although the religion of Islam has spread to throughout the world, Indonesia is the country which has the largest population of Islamic followers. In addition to Indonesia, India, Pakistan and Bangladesh each have an grand number of 100 million or more devotees. Today Islam persists to grow not just in Africa, but also in Europe and America where Muslims now encompass a well-known minority of people. Today, Muslims and Islamic followers face many new challenges. One of the biggest problems Muslims and Islamic believers are facing is other people having ignorance towards Islam. This ignorance has begun to lead to stereotyping, fear, and distrust towards the Islamic people. Muslim American citizens allegiance and loyalty to the United States has grown to be questioned. Muslims are given a bad name and therefore an easy target for prejudice and racism. Another danger resulting from ignorance of the religion of Islam is the omnibus anti-terrorism legislation that, which unfairly targets Muslims as widespread purveyors of terrorism. Although affected by various ideologies such as communism, during much of the twentieth century, the Islamic individuality and the supremacy of Islam on political troubles and arguments have dramatically increased during the early twenty-first century. The quickly expanding Western interests in Islamic regions, international conflicts and globalization have changed the pressure of Islam on the world of the twenty-first century. Muhammad was born in Mecca just around the time of 570 C.E. and was a affiliate of the Quraysh tribe. As with many famous people, almost nothing is known about his years of adolescence. His parents passed away when he was a juvenile. Something that was quite sad for Muhammad the great prophet was that as a child he was never taught how to read or write. When Muhammad was only twelve years old, he visited Syria and had his first introduction to other religions and other faith groups, Muhammad began to grow respect for these other people. At the age of twenty-five, Muhammad wedded a widow who was called Khadija. Khadija was a merchant, like many people of his time were, and soon enough he began to be a merchant himself. While he left home to go onto a trading expedition, when he was around the age of forty, Muhammad stumbled upon the angel Gabriel. The word of God was discovered to him through the angel Gabriel and Muhammad copied down everything he was told, in Arabic and was later kn own as the Quran. The angel Gabriel began to reveal to him, many special revelations. The revelations which the angel Gabriel revealed to him, said that he was to grow to be the herald of God and he would become a great prophet. Some of the revelations told to Muhammad incorporated that the world would end one day, that God would arbitrator humans fortunately if they gave in to His will, and that people should pray to demonstrate their gratitude to Allah. After his great experience and revelation, he began to follow the path of a prophet. Mohammed hurried to return home to his wife and city where he soon began spreading the teachings he learned. After his teachings began to spread, he started to create a system of conduct that he said had been spoken by Allah himself. The main beliefs of Islam were incorporated over time, as not everyone was eager to believe Muhammads claim to be Gods herald. People who believed in Muhammads knowledge came to be branded as Muslims. The religion that Muhammad had created became to be known as Islam, which means in Arabic, surrender (to the will of Allah). Muhammad was said to be one of the last and most perfectly spiritual prophets. However Muhammad was hated by many people at the time. In addition to having to hear and listen to the criticism of his ideas and what he believed, he also went through a great deal of pain, when his wife and uncle passed away in the same year. In 622, Muhammad left on a journey from Mecca, for an oasis that was known as Yathrib at that time. This trip became known as the hejira, or as the flight from persecution in Mecca. Muhammad soon gained a new home which was renamed Medina, Muhammad became a negotiator, arbitrating arguments and fights between different tribes. Muhammad had respect for the Jews, and his early knowledge appeared to be taken from the Jewish tradition. The Jews started to keep themselves from Muhammad; however, once it was clear that the Jews would not recognize him, Muhammad sta rted to eradicate the Jewish power on his viewpoint. Originally, he said the Arabs were offspring of Abraham through his son Ishmael, but in the Koran Abrahams correlation to the Jews is deprived of, with Muhammad saying that Abraham is only the patriarch of Islam. One of the instant consequences of Muhammads aggravation was the eviction of two Jewish clans from Medina and the execution of all the associates of a third Jewish clan. But what was even worse, was that for the long-term handling of the Jews were a number of provoking statements about them that Muhammad created that appeared in the Koran. Muhammad gradually began to construct his control by the persuasiveness of his confidence. He came to be in charge of the markets, which forced other traders and tribesmen to negotiate with him. During the two centuries after Muhammads death, the rules that all believers were to abide by were codified in the Shariah. Muhammad passed away in 632, and it was left to his followers to carry on the customs he had begun. His clique developed Islam, just as the supporters of Moses and Jesus created Judaism and Christianity over time. http://www.islamfortoday.com/beliefs.htm The Earth and Its People, Houghton Mifflin, Bulliet Crossley, Headrick Hirsch, Johnson Northup, Third Edition, 2005. In the Shade of the Quran, Sayyid Qutb, Islamic Foundation. The True Religion, by Abu Ameenah Bilal Philips.

feline leukemia virus :: essays research papers fc

FELINE PANLEUKOPENIA VIRUS Virus Classification:   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Order:  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Mononegavirales  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚     Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Family:  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Parvoviridae   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Subfamily:  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Parvovirinae   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Genus:  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Parvovirus  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚     Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Species:  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Feline panleukopenia virus Also called feline infectious eneritis, feline â€Å"distemper†, and feline ataxia or incoordination. Examples of other viruses belonging to the same genus as Feline panleukopenia virus include Canine parvovirus type 2, Porcine parvovirus, Mink enteritis virus, and Raccoon enteritis virus. Virus Structure:   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Feline panleukopenia virus (FPV) is a small (20 nm) autonomous , non –enveloped, icosahedral, single-stranded DNA virus that is approximately 5,120 nucleotides in legnth. The genome encodes for two genes which each form two proteins by alternative mRNA splicing. The non-enveloped capsid is assembled from 60 copies of a combination of the overlapping capsid proteins VP1 and VP2. The virus contains three capsid proteins. The capsids normally enter cells by clathrin-mediated endocytosis. Replication of the virus in the host occurs in cells that are rapidly dividing. FPV can survive in pH ranging from 3 to 9. The virus is highly resistant to most disinfectants (ether, chloroform, acid, alcohol, and heat), but is susceptible to Clorox bleach. History and Natural Biology of Feline Panleukopenia Virus:   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Feline panleukopenia is endemic to cats worldwide. The virus has been identified since the early 20th century. The virus is so severe that it was referred to as â€Å"cat plague† in earlier times when infections worldwide nearly wiped out cat populations in certain geographic areas. Now FPV rarely occurs in domestic populations in which vaccination is routinely practiced. There is a seasonality to the occurrence of FPV that usually coincides with the production of new populations of susceptible kittens. This seasonal effect may vary according to geographic location. In the northeastern United States, most cases of FPV are seen in the summer and early fall. However, outbreaks of FPV may occur at any time of the year. It is thought that feral domestic cat populations are a natural resevior for Feline panleukopenia virus. Clinical Features and Viral Pathogenesis:   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  All members of the cat family (Felidae) are susceptible to infection with feline panleukopenia virus (FPV), as are raccoons, and minks, in the family Procyoniclae. Three major body sytems are affected by FPV. FPV specifically depresses the white blood cells and thus the immune system of the host, it attacks the rapidly reproducing cells lining the gut, and FPV affects the reproducing cells of the cerebellum and the retina of the eye when they are in their developing stage. The system it chooses depends on the age of the cat at the time of infection.

Hispanic American Diversity Essay

In identifying the linguistic, political, social, economic, religious, and familial conventions and statuses of Hispanic groups living in the United States (US); the following remain as the center of attention: Mexican Americans, Puerto Ricans, Cubans, and Columbians. While there is distinctiveness in each groups’ culture, their language categorizes them in one of two large groups known as Latino or Hispanic Americans. The Spanish language is communal between these groups, though all have exclusive dialects that set them apart. The commonalities and differences are not limited to just language, but span across every aspect of Mexican American, Puerto Rican, Cuban and Columbian way of life. Today in the US millions of people classify themselves as Mexican Americans (2005). The intricate and affluent Mexican American multicultural heritage is a direct reflection of influences from such places as Spain and Mexico (2005). The unique language of Mexican Americans is no exception to influences as it is derived from a combination of Mexico’s national language, Spanish, and the national language of the US, English. Although sometimes described as an under-represented group in US politics, Mexican Americans were very active in the Mexican American Civil Rights movement. This movement included a wide-rang of issues, from rights for farm workers to the right to vote (2000). As with their political status, socially Mexican Americans continually battle to fit in. Their want of having the American dream burns bright within the hearts and minds of all Mexican Americans and makes their social battle seem that much more important. Throughout the immigration history of Mexican Americans, little advancement has been made for progress from immigrant standing to mainstream social status. This is largely due to the lack of education provided and the vast amount of discrimination they received (2006). In education, another battle for Mexican Americans arises. Richard Alba (2006) stated, â€Å"Huntington presents data that appear to show very low levels of Mexican-American educational advancement beyond high school, regardless of generation. † A full comparison of high school education completion broken down by Hispanic origin. Note. From Bernstein, R. & Bergman, M. (2005). Young, diverse, urban. United States Department of Commerce News. Retrieved March 1, 2008, from http://www. census. gov/Press-Release/www/2003/cb03-100. html Similar to the struggle noted with education, economically, Mexican Americans struggle for fair pay. During the Mexican American Civil Rights movement Mexican American economics came from the shadows to become one of the many issues faced. Today this harsh reality still burdens most all Mexican Americans. The one bright light may be their religious beliefs. Although, not always true, most churches today deliver separate mass for Spanish speaking parishioners. Religion remains a very strong factor in Mexican American family and culture. As with their religion, family remains quite strong in the lives of Mexican Americans. They have strong ties to not only immediate family in the US but family living in Mexico as well. This bond is so deep that some families continue to send money to their loved one’s in Mexico. Similar to Mexican Americans, Puerto Ricans speak a derivative of Spanish as their main language. Politically, Puerto Ricans like Mexican Americans are under-represented in US politics. In fact their start in politics held them back from individualizing themselves. The progression of politics into Puerto Rican life in the US has gone from focusing on social and cultural issues in the 1950’s to electoral participation and lobbying becoming the mainstay of their political ground (2003, p. 6). With all the strides Puerto Ricans have made politically, socially they have grown as well. They have integrated themselves into society, by fighting the same battles all Latinos fought: racism and discrimination. Although, they have a higher percentage of people graduating high school than Mexican Americans, they still maintain less than three quarters of Hispanic origin people. As with education and politics struggles with economics also faced most Puerto Ricans. They struggled for fair wages and equal opportunities just as all Latinos did. Today that struggle has become less but still lingers in areas where there is still racism and discrimination. Very similar to Mexican Americans, religion remains a very strong factor in the family and culture of Puerto Ricans. Again most churches conduct separate mass for Spanish speaking parishioners, making it easier for Puerto Ricans to practice their faith. As with their religion, family remains quite strong in the lives of Puerto Ricans. They have strong ties to not only immediate family in the US but family living in Puerto Rico as well. The fact that all Puerto Ricans are US citizens makes family all that more important. As with Mexican Americans and Puerto Ricans, Cuban Americans main language is Spanish. Similar to Mexican Americans politically Cubans are under-represented in US politics. Most are just so happy to get out of the Dictatorship they lived in Cuba they would rather not get caught up in politics at all. The strides they have made politically have helped to advance them socially, economically and in their education. Out of the Hispanic origins Cubans are the second highest only being beat by other Hispanics for High school completion. According to Jason Cato (2003), â€Å"In rising to dominate the centers of power in Miami, Cuban-Americans have reversed the traditional cycles of assimilation and acculturation. † Seeking freedom from the oppression of Cuba has not removed the strong ties they have to their homeland. These ties have caused Cuban Americans to adapt parts of the US culture to their own. Striving for conventional culture is not a focus. Religiously, Cuban Americans like both Puerto Ricans and Mexican Americans are devout to their religion as it is a very strong factor in their family and culture. Again most churches conduct separate mass for Spanish speaking parishioners, making it easier for Cubans to practice their faith. As with their religion, family remains quite strong in the lives of Cubans. Family is their way of holding on to cultures and traditions from Cuba. As with Mexican American, Puerto Rican and Cuban, Columbians also speak Spanish as their principal language. Columbian Americans are a very poor. Most migrated to the US to flee war and poverty seen within Columbia. They are often looking for work so that they can send money to their family still living in Columbia. Columbians rarely get involved in politics as they are very focused on family and making money. Work related interaction is the limit, except for other Columbians, of their social standing in the US. As with politics Columbians have very little interest in US culture. Most are here to work to send money home. With work being their main objective while in the US, they do not have time for anything else. They live on very little money and scrape to send as much over to Columbia as possible. Their wages are very low and they work long and mostly very hard hours just to get by. Similar to Mexican Americans, Puerto Ricans and Cubans, Columbians are very strong in their religion. They have an opportunity to go to mass that is conducted in Spanish as well as practice their religion on their own. Family is so very important in a Columbian Americans life. Everything they do is to better their family’s life. They have deep ties to family not only in the US but in Columbia as well. This helps them to keep their culture and heritage as strong today as it was yesterday. Everything in their culture revolves around their religion and family. When comparing different Hispanic groups, the commonalities out way the differences in almost every scenario. The Similarities range from language, religion, and family to the reasons they came to the US. They also all care deeply and have very strong ties to their homeland and continue to focus on that rich heritage. The differences are few but stem more from social status and the want to be part of the mainstream. Politics, economic and social standings all differ for each group. This is largely due to assimilation and the different level of strides that have been made over time. The groups that have had more success politically have had the opportunity to advance socially and economically. These three combined in any order lead to an opportunity of the other. The strides and struggles that these four Hispanic groups have made has cleared a path for other Hispanic origin groups to make the same journey. References Alba, R. (2006). Mexican Americans and the American Dream. Political Science & Politics. Retrieved March 1, 2008, from www. apsanet. org/imgtest/PerspectivesJun06Alba. pdf Bernstein, R. & Bergman, M. (2005). Young, diverse, urban. United States Department of Commerce News. Retrieved March 1, 2008, from http://www. census. gov/PressRelease/www/2003/cb03-100. html Cruz, J. (2003). Puerto Rican politics in the United States. Centro Journal. Retrieved March 1, 2008, from http://redalyc. uaemex. mx/redalyc/pdf/377/37715101. pdf. Cato, J. (2004). Becoming American in Miami: reconsidering immigration, race and ethnic relations. Center for Latin American Studies. Retrieved March 1, 2008, from socrates. berkeley. edu:7001/Events/fall2003/11-20-03-stepick/index. html Mendoza, V. , Chicano! History of the Mexican American Civil Rights Movement. (2000). , The Journal for Multimedia History. Retrieved March 1, 2008, from www. albany. edu/jmmh/vol3/chicano/chicano. html.

Facts You Should Know About the Holocaust

Facts You Should Know About the Holocaust The Holocaust is one of the most notorious acts of genocide in modern history. The many atrocities committed by Nazi Germany before and during World War II destroyed millions of lives and permanently altered the face of Europe.   Holocaust Key Terms Holocaust: From the Greek word holokauston, meaning sacrifice by fire. It refers to the Nazi persecution and planned slaughter of the Jewish people and others considered inferior to true Germans.Shoah: A Hebrew word meaning devastation, ruin or waste, also used to refer to the Holocaust.Nazi: German acronym standing for Nationalsozialistishe Deutsche Arbeiterpartei (National Socialist German Workers Party).Final Solution: Nazi term referring to their plan to exterminate the Jewish people.Kristallnacht: Literally Crystal Night or The Night of Broken Glass, refers to the night of November 9-10, 1938 when thousands of synagogues and Jewish-owned homes and businesses in Austria and Germany were attacked.Concentration Camps: Although we use the blanket term Concentration Camps there were actually a number of different types of camps, with different purposes. These included extermination camps, labor camps, prisoner-of-war camps, and transit camps. Introduction to the Holocaust Adolf Hitler, chancellor of Germany, is welcomed by supporters at Nuremberg in 1933. Hulton Archive/Stringer/Getty Images   The Holocaust began in 1933 when Adolf Hitler came to power in Germany and ended in 1945 when the Nazis were defeated by the Allied powers. The term Holocaust is derived from the Greek word holokauston, which means sacrifice by fire. It refers to the Nazi persecution and planned slaughter of the Jewish people and others considered inferior to true Germans. The Hebrew word Shoah, which means devastation, ruin or waste, also refers to this genocide. In addition to Jews, the Nazis targeted the Roma, gays, Jehovahs Witnesses, and the disabled for persecution. Those who resisted the Nazis were sent to forced labor camps or murdered. The word Nazi is a German acronym for Nationalsozialistishe Deutsche Arbeiterpartei (National Socialist German Workers Party). The Nazis sometimes used the term Final Solution to refer to their plan to exterminate the Jewish people, although the origins of this are unclear, according to historians. Death Toll According to the U.S. Holocaust Memorial Museum, up to 17 million people were killed during the Holocaust, but no single document exists recording the total number. Six million of these were Jews- approximately two-thirds of all Jews living in Europe. An estimated 1.1 million children died in the Holocaust. Number of Holocaust Deaths The following statistics are from the U.S. National Holocaust Museum. As more information and records are uncovered, it is likely that these numbers will change. All numbers are approximate.6 million Jews5.7 million Soviet civilians (an additional 1.3 Soviet Jewish civilians are included in the 6 million figure for Jews)3 million Soviet prisoners of war (including about 50,000 Jewish soldiers)1.9 million Polish civilians (non-Jewish)312,000 Serb civiliansUp to 250,000 people with disabilities196,000 to 220,000 Roma1,900 Jehovahs WitnessesAt least 70,000 repeat criminal offenders and asocialsAn undetermined number of German political opponents and activists.Hundreds or thousands of gays and lesbians (might be included in the possibly also 70,000 repeat criminal offenders and asocials number above). The Beginning of the Holocaust On April 1, 1933, the Nazis instigated their first action against German Jews by announcing a boycott of all Jewish-run businesses. The Nuremberg Laws, issued on Sept. 15, 1935, was designed to exclude Jews from public life. The Nuremberg Laws stripped German Jews of their citizenship and prohibited marriages and extramarital sex between Jews and Gentiles. These measures set the legal precedent for anti-Jewish legislation that followed. Nazis issued numerous anti-Jewish laws over the next several years. Jews were banned from public parks, fired from civil service jobs, and forced to register their property. Other laws barred Jewish doctors from treating anyone other than Jewish patients, expelled Jewish children from public schools, and placed severe travel restrictions on Jews. Kristallnacht: The Night of Broken Glass Shattered fronts of Jewish-owned stores in Berlin after Kristallnacht. Bettmann/Getty Images   Overnight on November 9 and 10, 1938, the Nazis incited a pogrom against Jews in Austria and Germany called  Kristallnacht  (Night of Broken Glass, or literally translated from German, Crystal Night). This included the pillaging and burning of synagogues, the breaking of windows of Jewish-owned businesses and the looting of those stores. In the morning, broken glass littered the ground. Many Jews were physically attacked or harassed, and approximately 30,000 were arrested and sent to concentration camps. After World War II started in 1939, the Nazis ordered Jews to wear a yellow Star of David on their clothing so they could be easily recognized and targeted. Gays and lesbians were similarly targeted and forced to wear pink triangles. Jewish Ghettos The Lublin Ghetto in Poland. Bettmann/Getty Images After the beginning of World War II, Nazis began ordering all Jews to live in small, segregated areas of big cities, called ghettos. Jews were forced out of their homes and moved into smaller dwellings, often shared with one or more other families. Some ghettos were initially open, which meant that Jews could leave the area during the daytime but had to be back by a curfew. Later, all ghettos became closed, meaning that Jews were not allowed to leave under any circumstances. Major ghettos were located in the cities of Polish cities of Bialystok, Lodz, and Warsaw. Other ghettos were found in present-day Minsk, Belarus; Riga, Latvia; and Vilna, Lithuania. The largest ghetto was in Warsaw. At its peak in March 1941, some 445,000 were crammed into an area just 1.3 square miles in size. Regulating and Liquidating the Ghettos In most ghettos, Nazis ordered the Jews to establish a Judenrat (Jewish council) to administer Nazi demands and to regulate the internal life of the ghetto. The Nazis routinely ordered deportations from the ghettos. In some of the large ghettos, 1,000 people per day were sent by rail to concentration and extermination camps. To get them to cooperate, the Nazis told the Jews they were being transported elsewhere for labor. As the tide of World War II turned against the Nazis, they began a systematic plan to eliminate or liquidate the ghettos they had established, by a combination of mass murder on the spot and transferring the remaining residents to extermination camps. When the Nazis attempted to liquidate the Warsaw Ghetto on April 13, 1943, the remaining Jews fought back in what has become known as the Warsaw Ghetto Uprising. The Jewish resistance fighters held out against the entire Nazi regime for 28 days, longer than many European countries had been able to withstand Nazi conquest. Concentration Camps Although many people refer to all Nazi camps as concentration camps, there were actually a number of different kinds of camps, including concentration camps, extermination camps, labor camps, prisoner-of-war camps, and transit camps. One of the first concentration camps was in Dachau, in southern Germany. It opened on March 20, 1933. From 1933 until 1938, most of the people held in concentration camps were political prisoners and people the Nazis labeled as asocial. These included the disabled, the homeless, and the mentally ill. After Kristallnacht in 1938, the persecution of Jews became more organized. This led to the exponential increase in the number of Jews sent to concentration camps. Life within Nazi concentration camps was horrible. Prisoners were forced to do hard physical labor and given little food. Prisoners slept three or more to a crowded wooden bunk; bedding was unheard of. Torture within the concentration camps was common and deaths were frequent. At a number of concentration camps, Nazi doctors conducted medical experiments on prisoners against their will. Death Camps While concentration camps were meant to work and starve prisoners to death, extermination camps (also known as death camps) were built for the sole purpose of killing large groups of people quickly and efficiently. The Nazis built six extermination camps, all in Poland: Chelmno, Belzec, Sobibor, Treblinka, Auschwitz, and Majdanek. Prisoners transported to these extermination camps were told to undress so they could shower. Rather than a shower, the prisoners were herded into gas chambers and killed. Auschwitz was the largest concentration and extermination camp built. It is estimated that 1.1 million people were killed at Auschwitz.

Top Criteria for Choosing a Law School

Top Criteria for Choosing a Law School Choosing a law school is one of the most important decisions youll make in your life. First, you need to narrow down your list of potential schools; even applying to schools can get expensive with application fees up to $70 and $80. Don’t fall into the trap of thinking that Ivy League law schools are the only ones worth attending, though, as you can get a great legal education at many schools across the countryand you just may find that one of those is actually a better fit for you by considering: 10 Criteria for Choosing a Law School Admissions Criteria:Â  Your undergraduate GPA and LSAT scores are the most important factors in your application, so look for law schools that line up with your numbers. Dont limit yourself to just those schools, though, as other aspects of your application just may sway an admissions committee to take a chance on you. Divide your list into dream (a stretch that youd get in), core (line up with your credentials) and safety (very likely to get in) schools to give yourself choices. Financial Considerations:Â  Just because a school has a high price tag doesnt mean its the best for you and your interests. No matter where you go, law school is expensive. Some schools can be downright bargains, though, especially if you can get a scholarship or other financial aid that doesnt include loans like scholarships and grants. When looking at finances, dont forget that most schools have fees beyond standard tuition. Also, if your school is in a large city, remember the cost of living will likel y be higher than in a smaller location. Geographic Location:Â  You dont have to go to law school where youll want to take the bar exam and/or practice, but you do have to live in that location for at least three years. Do you want an urban atmosphere? Do you hate cold weather? Do you want to be near your family? Do you want to make connections in the community that you’ll be able to use in the future? Career Services:Â  Be sure to find out about job placement rate and the percentages of graduates who move on to careers in what you think might be your chosen field, whether it’s a small, medium or large firm, a judicial clerkship, or a position in public interest, academia or the business sector. Faculty:Â  What is the student to faculty ratio? What are the credentials of the faculty members? Is there a high turn-over rate? Do they publish many articles? Will you be learning from tenured faculty or from associate professors? Are professors accessible to their students and do they employ student research ass istants? Curriculum:Â  Along with first-year courses, look at what courses are offered for your second and third years and how often. If youre interested in pursuing a joint or dual degree, or in studying abroad, be sure to compare that information as well. You also may be interested in whether Moot Court, writing seminars or trial advocacy is required, and what student journals, such as Law Review, are published at each school. Clinics are another consideration. Now offered by many law schools, clinics can provide students real-world legal experience through hands-on work in a variety of disciplines, so you may want to investigate what opportunities are available. Bar Exam Passage Rate:Â  You definitely want the odds in your favor when taking the bar exam, so look for schools with high bar passage rates. You can also compare the schools bar passage with the overall passage rate for that state to see how your potential schools test-takers stack up against students from other schools taking the same exam. Class Size:Â  If you know you learn best in smaller settings, be sure to look for schools with lower enrollment numbers. If you like the challenge of swimming in a big pond, you should be looking for schools with higher enrollment numbers. Diversity of Student Body:Â  Included here is not only race and sex, but also age; if you are a student entering law school after many years away or returning as a part-time law student, you might want to pay attention to schools that have higher numbers of students who didnt come directly from undergrad. Many schools also list the most popular majors among students, as well as types of previous work expe rience. Campus Facilities:Â  What is the law school building like? Are there enough windows? Do you need them? What about computer access? What is the campus like? Do you feel comfortable there? Will you have access to university facilities such as the gym, pool and other recreational activities? Is there public or university transportation available?

Mass spectroscopy and Raman spectroscopy Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

Mass spectroscopy and Raman spectroscopy - Essay Example (Ahuja and Alsante, 2003; p.16) Organic chemists define this science as the study of the "quantised interaction of electromagnetic radiations with matter" (Yadav, 2005; p.1). According to Yadav (2005), these electromagnetic emissions are created by the fluctuations of electric charges and the magnetic field existing in the atom. He further said that the various forms of electromagnetic radiation include ultraviolet, infrared, x-rays, microwaves, radio waves, and so on (Yadav, 2005; p.1). There are four methods or measurement techniques used in spectroscopy. These are: mass spectroscopy, or MS; ultraviolet spectroscopy, or UV; infrared spectroscopy, or IR; and nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, or NMR. The common types of spectroscopy include: astronomical spectroscopy, atomic absorption spectroscopy, attenuated total reflectance spectroscopy, electron spectroscopy, Fourier-transform spectroscopy, gamma-ray spectroscopy, and laser spectroscopy. (Flowers and Silver, 2004; p.953) A new technique, Raman spectroscopy, is now considered the fifth spectroscopic measurement technique (Smith and Dent, 2005; p.1) The three main types of spectroscopy/spectrometry include: absorption spectroscopy, emission spectroscopy, and scattering ... termines the sample's physical properties through the amount of light that the substance scatters at specific wavelengths, incident and polarization angles. The difference between scattering spectroscopy and emission spectroscopy lies in the fact that the scattering process is faster than the absorption or emission process (Flowers and Silver, 2004; p.953; Ahuja and Alsante, 2003; p.16). Mass spectroscopy as a technique offers outstanding structural information of different substances. It can also be a useful tool in separating molecules with little differences in their molecular weight. However, if mass spectroscopy is used as a quantitative measurement technique, its uses can be limited (Ahuja and Alsante, 2003; p.16). In ultraviolet spectroscopy, a sample substance is continuously irradiated with ultraviolet radiation of differing wavelengths. The power or energy which is related with the section of the electromagnetic spectrum matches the difference in power levels among various molecular orbitals. Ultraviolet radiation is created when a sample substance is exposed to a wavelength that equals the variation in energy between an occupied molecular orbital and an unoccupied molecular orbital. (Flowers and Silver, 2004; p.953) Ultraviolet spectroscopy, at a single wavelength, provides little selectivity of analysis (Ahuja and Alsante, 2003; p.16). Infrared spectroscopy, according to Stuart (2004), is definitely one of the most significant analytical measurement techniques that are available to scientists nowadays. (Stuart, 2004; p.1) This method offers precise information for some functional substance groups that present selectivity and allow quantification. (Ahuja and Alsante, 2003; p.16) This technique is based on the atoms' vibrations within a molecule; where an

Thesis on Nickel and Dimed Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Thesis on Nickel and Dimed - Essay Example In the one month, he worked fulltime, and he would live only off the amount he would earn in the low wage jobs. His main objective was to determine whether she would be able to live off the money earned. Whether the money would be enough to cater for other services such as rent. I have preferred using the book Nickel and Dimed because I have the same feeling towards low earning workers. As addressed, they experience hard working times in their place of their work. The low earnings earned put these workers in a situation where they are even unable to cater for basic wants such as food, clothing, and shelter. There are also uncertainties caused by unpredictable environment for working. The managers take advantage of low income earners, and they dispose them to cases of unexpected retrenchments and sackings. The managers also expect their workers especially the low qualified ones to work for extended hours, which are not even equivalent to their salaries. Some of the workers problems th ese low earning workers face gets to the extent of physical harassment by their employers (Ehrenreich 25). For example, working as a waiter, one should provide quality services, which will be appealing to the customers. The aim of the hotel owner is to provide quality services to customers so as to maintain a reputable image for hotel. However, managers have a challenge in the provision of these quality services as they also demand qualified manpower. Qualified manpower also comes hand in hand with the better payment. Managers have to employ low income earners as their resources are efficient to them. Most low income earners also do not have a problem in performing difficult and physically demanding tasks. In relation to Barbara Ehrenreich, she worked once worked as waitress where she had difficult as some of the tasks involved were physically demanding. Waiters also face problems in coping with some difficult situations in their working environment. In case of any loss or breakages of items, the workers have accountability of it. This discourages workers as some of the items destroyed are expensive and considering their low income they cannot afford. Another problem waiter faces are about the mode of communication used. Most of the low income earners are not well equipped with etiquette qualities required for efficient provision of these services. There is a language barrier where most of the low income earners travel in far countries, and may have a hard time learning the local language of their location. Language barrier discourage efficient communication among workers and also between the workers and management. In relation Ehrenreich, she finds a hard time relating with managers and usually has a hard time hence becoming a source of problems in her job. These inefficiencies the workers face make them not to have a working environment (Ehrenreich 58). When Ehreinreich is unable to cope with hotel jobs, she heads to Maine. She succeeds with nursing home job . In relation to this, low income earners also do not keep on one job for a long time because of prevailing problems. A low income worker is ready to work in any environment as he does not have any qualification in any job. Considering the increased number of nursing homes due to calamities caused by political instabilities in many countries, low income earners use that chance as a job opportunity. There in nursing homes