Gender Differences Essay

In the excerpt from the book, Men Are from Mars, Women Are from Venus, author John Gray discusses the stark differences between men and women. He states that the personality traits between men and women are so dissimilar, that each sex might as well have originated from the planets, Mars and Venus, respectively. He explains that men value power and achievement, and they choose certain occupations and offer others solutions to their problems based on these values. Comparatively, women believe communication and relationships are more important, and they desire empathy when they interact with others. He details that these different character traits often cause confusion and communication barriers between men and women. Gray’s excerpt explains his unique definition of male and female personalities; however, it is a broad assumption to say that all men and women behave in a certain way solely based on their gender. The stereotypes that Gray specifically utilizes in his excerpt oversimplify the complex interactions between men and women instead of showing their differing emotional responses based on particular situations. The two emotional responses that Gray does not compare are stress and anger. The male and female reactions to these emotions offer the best example of the differences between the sexes. More often than not, men and women respond to stress in different ways. Women tend to externalize their feelings when they deal with stressful situations. They often confide in their significant other, friends, and family as an outlet for the stress in their life. Typically, once a woman has effectively deliberated and discussed her feelings and issues regarding stress, she often feels better about the stressful situation. In her book, You Just Don’t Understand, expert Deborah Tannen similarly explains that women use complaining as a way to feel close to others. She calls this way of conversing â€Å"troubles talk. † She says, â€Å"For women, talking about troubles is the essence of connection. I tell you my troubles, you tell me your troubles, and we’re close. † (61). A perfect example of this can be seen with my interactions with my close friend, Lindsey. She will frequently need to call me and vent about her relationship woes. She uses our conversations to help talk through her stressful situations and will ultimately feel better following our calls. I will tend to use conversations with my mother or sister to vent about my stress, as well. Conversely, men often internalize their emotional responses to stress. Men tend to reserve their emotions internally and use various non-stressful activities as distractions to occupy themselves, such as watching sports or playing video games. A prime example of the male response to stress can be seen when my boyfriend is stressed from work. When he comes home after a stressful day, he will play video games for hours to help relieve his stress. After playing these games, he will feel much better. When I recognize that he is stressed, I usually ask him if he would like to discuss his situations; he usually responds by saying that he is fine and he just needs some time alone. I have also noticed a similar response to stress in other men such as my coworkers, fellow students, and my brothers and father. This unique male response to stress demonstrates the difference from the female stress response. Another emotional situation in which men and women have a tendency to respond differently is anger. Although each person reacts to anger in their own way, men and women will generally react to anger in a different manner. Women, including myself, will often react to anger by isolating themselves from the initial anger trigger and think through their emotional response prior to any actions. Simply put, think first, and act later. For example, my mother’s response to anger follows the aforementioned format. Her initial response involves removing herself from the anger stimulus where she can better collect herself. After assessing the situation which generated my mother’s anger response, she will respond in a more conservative and appropriate manner. Conversely, men have a propensity to react to anger in a much different way. When in an emotional situation that causes anger, men are more inclined to violence and can be quick to react by demonstrating their anger in a more physical manner. They often act this way because they are trying to prove they are â€Å"manly† or â€Å"powerful†. Gray explains that, â€Å"[men] are always doing things to prove themselves and to develop their power and skills† (695). A great example of this common male response can be seen with my brother, Sam. When angered, Sam tends to react like most males when experiencing anger. His initial reaction to anger typically is demonstrated by a violent motion by hitting an object. This is usually followed by a more thoughtful and collected response after the initial outburst. These reactions to anger demonstrate the differing emotional responses between men and women which can be seen throughout society on a frequent basis. Despite the differing reactions to stress and anger mentioned above, men and women can also respond in a similar manner. Since no two individuals are the same, it is important to understand that the aforementioned examples are not the only reactions that men and women can portray. Stress and anger are natural human emotions that are experienced almost daily. It is also important to understand that human emotions and communication are much more complex than the examples that Gray provides. This complexity is due to unique personalities and differing interactive situations. No two responses even with the same individual will ever be the same. However, understanding the different ways men and women may communicate and react to certain emotions will provide a better understanding of the opposite sex. This understanding will help bridge the communication gap between men and women and improve our knowledge of the complexities of human emotion.

Celebration to Individualism in Mary Shelly’s “Frankenstein” Essay

What comes to mind when the idea of â€Å"Romantic Literature† enters your head? Immediate imageries consisting of two lovers, a rose, or even a starlit sky may come to mind. In Mary Shelly’s Frankenstein, she disproved these imageries by creating her own scenario with grotesque images and lonely characters. Many have overlooked this novel as a romantic literature but it is actually one that contains the most elements of a romantic literature. Romantic literature emerged through a movement called Romanticism. Romanticism can be defined as a movement in art and literature that revolted against rigid social conventions. In Frankenstein, Mary Shelly stresses the importance of individualism in Romantic Literature by developing various narratives of the story to generate perspectives of the same environment through different narratives. Robert Walton begins the novel through an epistolary frame for the actual story to build on. We learn that Walton is on a journey to venture to an area where no man has gone before and is also in search for a close companion. Although he is amongst a huge crew of men, he felt as if he was on the voyage by himself. He narrates the story through several letters to his sister until we learned that he encountered a new friend, â€Å"Victor Frankenstein†. Frankenstein then began to tell his story as the narrative switched from Walton to Frankenstein, the main narrator of the book. As the story shifts to Victor Frankenstein, we begin to understand his life story as an individual that was much isolated from everyone else. With the congregation of his life studies, Frankenstein was able to bring life or artificially gave birth to a grotesque monster. At first he was proud of his work but he later abandoned the creature due to its hideous looks. The monster proceeds to kill the people that are closest to Victor in his life, leaving him totally alone. Though torn by remorse, shame, and guilt, Victor refuses to admit to anyone the horror of what he has created, even as he sees the ramifications of his creative act spiraling out of control. Frankenstein then finds himself next to the monster in a cave as the monster decides to describe the loneliness he had felt ever since he was â€Å"born†. The monster that Frankenstein created began narrating his life and the  cruelty he had to endure alone. It is born eight feet tall and enormously strong but still has a mind much like a newborn. Abandoned by his creator, it was confused as it tried to integrate himself into society, only to be shunned universally. Looking in the mirror, he realizes his physical grotesqueness, an aspect of his being blinded society to his initially gentle, kind nature. Seeking revenge on his creator, he kills Victor’s younger brother. After Victor destroys his work on the female monster meant to ease the monster’s solitude, the monster murders Victor’s best friend and then his new wife. It was once in a gentle spirited nature, it had become angry and violent as it remained in solitude. The emphasis on the individual’s expression of emotion is displayed through out the novel. The development of the characters in the story is presented by each character alone. The split narratives of these three characters allowed the story to unravel all the mysteries that the other narrators left out. Robert Walton, Victor Frankenstein, and the monster isolated themselves from others as each one told their own story. The celebration of individualism in the novel permitted a better understanding of each character individually as each one of them are left alone in the end.

A History of Nazi Germany Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

A History of Nazi Germany - Essay Example The German economy was greatly hindered as Germany, after the First World War, was taking the complete responsibility of the financial loss, the lives that were lost and mass destruction, this brought down the whole country.The German soldiers turned to fascism as they were unable to the proper supplies for their survival after their return from war. Germany could not get any help to recover from their financial loss, after the First World War the whole world went into great depression this too was not of any help to the German economy. As a result the country turned to fascism to get its wealth and pride back.Adolf Hitler, the political leader of the National Socialist German Workers, was one of the main personalities who promoted the fascist ideas. Hitler was assisted in promoting this Nazi concept by Albert Speer. Hitler was supported by the Germans and they turned to his ideas as he promised to meet their monetary needs after the world war I. The offer made by Hitler was irresist ible by the Germans and they declared him the Chancellor of their country.Hitler's government was fascist in nature which was led by dictatorship, and the dictator had absolute power, he suppressed other political parties, had control over the financial affairs and the dictator was considered to be a strong nationalist. The complete order and control of the German Government was in Hitler's hands through this philosophy. Hitler through his personal guard the SS, enforced fascism and his government hated particular groups of people and also was very racial. Hitler joined a group called the German Workers Party in the year 1919 in the city of Munich. Within no time he became one of the seven committee members who headed the party. This party held meetings in which different issues like the threat posed by the enemy namely the Bolshevisks that is the Communists who had come to power in Russia, the areas where the present government lacked, the weakness of the government and the threat posed by the Jews who were the enemies within the country were brought forth. They also spoke about the better times before the first world war. "In March 1920 he was discharged from the army and became a professional politician. His meteoric rise had begun." 1 Hitler began operations in forming his new political party, it was renamed as the National Socialist German Worker's party which is in short the Nazi party. the party won around eight hundred thousand votes, however it was more than just a political party. it was being turned into a military force by their leader Adolf Hitler. A group called the "Storm troopers" were trained by him to act as militia at his command. The Nazi party and its troops were being supported by the past German military leaders. In Bavaria in the beginning the Nazi party was formed and started out as a small group called the German Worker's party. The party was resisted and opposed to the Treaty of Versailles and Communism. the party came to existence and was formed by the Germans due to the humiliation they faced as they a result of their defeat in the First World War and the severe terms and regulations imposed on them by the Allies. At first Hitler joined this party as a secret agent and later became one of the most influential members of the party, as a result of his power to inspire and enthusiasm for the cause he became the leader of this small party, influencing and promoting his ideas to the people of similar ideology. 1. Carsten, Francis Ludwig, 1967. The Rise of Facism. (University of California Press: USA, 1967), 95. This party was soon renamed as the National and Socialist German Workers Party, their political manifesto was based on a twenty five point program that was adopted by the party. it was due to their strength of their belief in the twenty five points that the Nazi's chose to take force in Munich in a coup d' etat. Despite an initial success in achieving the coup's main objective of seizing power, the coup was unsuccessful. The party seemed to be destroyed and Hitler was

MBA Scholarship Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

MBA Scholarship - Essay Example development. â€Å" (www.scribd.com) Financial development is measured by factors such as size, depth, access, efficiency and stability of a financial system, including its markets, intermediaries, range of assets, institutions and regulation. There is a great link between financial services and economic growth. This increases the long-run growth trajectory of a country and ultimately improves the welfare and pros parity of producers and consumers that have access to financial services. Here the question arises that How do financial intermediation and markets affect economic growth and performance and, more generally, contribute to increased aggregate economic welfare and prosperity? They mostly do this through their effect on capital accumulation (the rate of investment) and on technological innovation. Now the question is how it impact on Deutsche Bank. If the problem arises in financial services, it will really effect the Deutsche bank because this bank is a providing wide range of financial services to its customers. Its basically The Corporate & Investment Bank Group Division, or CIB, is responsible for Deutsche Bank’s capital markets business, comprising the origination, sales and trading of capital markets products including debt, equity, and other securities, together with its corporate advisory, corporate lending and transaction banking businesses. When we talk about economic growth and performances, it shows the link with capital market. Here the capital accumulation is the rate of investment. So when the economic prosperity is here then definitely capital market will grow that is the aim of Deutsche bank. It continuously working on it and find out the different ways to increase its market. Deutsche bank is dealing in global transaction banking although its in South Africa. But with the help of courage team it really work hard in covering bank’s cash management for corporate and financial institutions, trade finance business as well as trust and securities services. So whenever any financial crisis comes, it directly effect the bank’s activity allover the world. If global transaction helps to provide a big portfolio of clients, it also shows the great risk for the company. So the risk management is also an important issue in Financial services. There is a need of well educated risk managers who have the great exposure in risk solution. Deutsche Bank has the good risk management team to cope with this issue. As we all know there are globally ups and down in financial market so companies are focusing on outsourcing. This concept is increased 15% over the previous quarter. In outsourcing, employees, market locations, captive model landscapes, key supplier development all are included. It is more beneficial for the companies. Similarly Deutsche bank is doing the same practice for the survival. It has the global transactions. In competitive era, it must to reduce your cost to increase the revenue. In financial m arket, the trend of strategic alliance is moving up. Companies are doing so for their survival. Different standards are setting for these alliance. It depends on the companies own strategies. Deutsche bank has lot of innovative programs with it for its customers. But it may possible for it to take some action in this regard for avoiding the great competition. 2. How do you see yourself being an

Second Short Paper Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Second Short Paper - Assignment Example There has been a rise in shares of minorities and women and their productivity in economic development. Affirmative action in relation to reverse discrimination Reverse discrimination in spite of the negativity associated with it, has provided affirmative action with a platform for improving the lives of minorities. It has helped rectify inconsistent hypocritical issues affecting women and minorities. Affirmative action is important but not necessary because it leads to reverse discrimination. On the other hand, affirmative action attempts to bring equality and diversity regardless of color, race, or ethnicity to all. It is anything devoid of discrimination. 2. (Q.4) Can the legacy of institutionalized inequality is undone without affirmative action. Explain why or why not. A. Institutionalized inequalities are deeply rooted in all institutions. Institutionalized inequalities are discrimination and biasness that exist in institutions like government, colleges, and churches. It is dis crimination given due to sex, age, status quo among other forms of biasness. It has widened the gap between the rich and the poor. The corridors of justice rely deeply on institutionalized perceptions of gender and work with a shallow interpretation of laws on discrimination. Affirmative action has helped clear this deeply rooted vice of discrimination in institution. It ensures equal job opportunities, fair treatment in all institution. The policies of affirmative action are beneficial to all members of the society in eradicating institutionalized inequality. In the United States of America, the rank between the poor and the state welfare is everywhere. 3. (Q.3) what is equality of opportunity and how does it contrast with the reverse discrimination? A. Equality of opportunity is privileges guaranteed by antidiscrimination statutes to all individuals regardless of race, color, religion, or handicap. It is the individual’s freedom to pursue personal interest without restricti ons. It is about fairness in the way we treat others and addressing imbalances in a manner, which does not lead to discrimination. It ensures that every individual gets equal opportunities of success in life. It is a concept that individuals should make wise and independent. Competition under the concept assumes that free competition leads to fair results. However, the outcome of many competitions does not lead to equality or neutrality. For under privileged and minorities, equality of opportunity boosts in getting life started. In contrast with reverse discrimination, equality of opportunity is a corrective measure against discrimination of a group of individuals. Reverse discrimination involves actions that do not favor the majority. It is about social habits of discrimination for a dominant member of a group. It is an outcome of affirmative action policies. Refers for instance to affirmative action on men in a college, seen as discrimination by women. It is biasness for an indivi dual of a majority. It treats the privileged unfairly for the sake of the underprivileged. Equality of opportunity fights for equal treatment for all. In another perspective, affirmative action is reverse discrimination and therefore illegal. The policies of affirmative action attempt to give equal opportunities to women, minority groups and anyone who has face discrimination. 4. (Q.5) what is ‘

Describe the role that played in making politics and culture in Essay

Describe the role that played in making politics and culture in Sparta, Athens and the Roman Republic different from Sumer and Egypt - Essay Example Firstly, every community depends upon its irrigation and cultivation patterns. Talking about Greeks, it was marked that initially, there were many difficulties in undertaking harvesting and cultivation because of the poor state of the soil. It was one of the reasons that the people remains poor. Therefore, labor skills were preferred as a mean of making money. It was noted that the weather of Greek suited the population by large as they were less sick and active in their routines. Furthermore, Greek was surrounded by high ranges and mountains. It was due to this reason that Greek did not have the threat of enemies who wanted to conquer the land through the mountains. At the same time, there was a need of effective irrigation method for which support of different groups was required. Small groups played their part in such a way that the native people got adherence to the democrat way of control. Athens is considerably known for its access to the water system including rivers, seas and islands. It is due to this reason that Athenians were known for trade and exploration. It should be noted that the city-state system of Athens allowed the politics of the region relatively stronger and effective. It was because there was equal representation given to the people from each group rather than control of one individual over the masses with no suitable proficiency of governance. On the other hand, Sparta was in the south where it did not get the access to the water systems. It was due to this reason that the political connections in Sparta were based upon strict foreign policies. It was in the shape of authoritative stance on the public policies for which representation was centralized. It meant that the centralized representation had to undertake decision concerning relations with other communities or the nations. People of Sparta are well-known in the history for being extremely s trong soldiers. They provided

X-ray crystallography Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

X-ray crystallography - Research Paper Example With this diffraction, it I easy to derive the three-dimensional outline or image projection of the density of electrons as profiled in the crystal. The crystal creates a platform for developing a pattern for mean positions of the atoms in the crystal. One can also manage to determine the chemical bonds of the structure, say carbon in diamond crystals and the varying disorders of some of the crystalline structures. Carbon is common in crystal formation. X-ray crystallography has been applied in many scientific fields due to the presence of crystals of many chemical compounds and elements. A pure crystalline structure is that of table salt, scientifically known as sodium chloride and represented by the chemical formula NaCl. Crystalline structures that have been studied by X-ray crystallography are many. Some of them are calcium fluoride (CaF2), calcite (CaCO3) and pyrite (FeS2). Others are spinel (MgAl2O4) and brucite (MgO4) among others. The inclusion of X-rays in studying crystalline structures enabled further understanding of these compounds in a manner that had never been used before and allowed for formation of more complex compounds through chemical reactions caused by interaction of crystalline structures. X-ray crystallography can be used to identify and locate unusual electronic properties of a material by studying their electron positions and mobility. It is also a tool for noting elastic properties of a material considering the chemical interactions that occur within the crystal and the associated processes. With these properties, X-ray crystallography is used in the design and manufacture of pharmaceuticals. Their application involves combining elements and modifying their crystalline structures to ensure that they bond as required (Clegg, 1988). Other than X-ray crystallography, there are other methods associated with determining atomic structures (Rhodes, 2006). However, they all rely on the principle of diffraction. These

Art education Personal Statement Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Art education - Personal Statement Example Moreover, in the modern world, with interests of many people gradually shallowing to be limited by mere consumption of civilization’s goods, there is a huge need for developing sense of beauty and interest in spiritual fare. My passion for art evolved into desire to devote my further life to it, particularly, to sharing knowledge about art with others, fostering aesthetic sensitivity in them, and making a small yet important contribution to enhancement of cultural level in the society. Thus, following my dream, I successfully graduated as an undergraduate in Art Education: in 2008, I obtained my Honors Degree. During my undergraduate education period, I acquired organizational and leadership skills and thematic knowledge, developed aesthetic sensibility and got better realization of my purpose in career. Willing to put my knowledge into practice, I worked with children in summers during my tuition period. After graduation, pursuit for good practice led me to an elementary school, where I had worked for one year, teaching children Art. I should mention that this experience was absolutely enjoyable, because it allowed me to broaden children’s outlook and inspire them to create something beautiful. Moreover, I consider art education for younger children extremely important for balancing other disciplines and supporting development of creativity. This is a crucial step in realization of creative potential already in early years and fostering love of art. After practicing my knowledge with children, I moved on to work as a lecturer at the university for two years (from 2009 to 2011): this experience gave me precious skills of working with older students and quickening their interest in Art. Next, I proceeded with my education in the United States by learning English in Ohio State University between 2011 and 2013. Having achieved satisfying results there, I came back to the university and continued with my

Infection control Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Infection control - Essay Example Healthcare is provided to patients in different settings throughout the world. Whether the patients receive medical attention in makeshift clinics or in technologically advanced hospitals, there are chances that they may get infected by disease spreading micro organisms.These infections cause discomfort to the patient and hinder the recovery process and in severe cases may even cause death.As the cost of treatment also increases,the hospital acquired infections are actually a burden on the government as well.The extended stay of the patient results in the loss of work thereby depleting his/her financial resources. Ever since the hospital acquired infections were identified, steps have been taken to control them and over the years the frequency of occurrence has largely decreased. The hospital staff, especially the nursing unit, actively participates in keeping the infection occurrence down to ensure a speedy recovery and better quality of healthcare. One of the important duties assig ned to me as a staff nurse is to prevent hospital acquired infections among patients. Infections prolong the stay of the patient by impeding the recovery process and they may also affect other patients and the hospital staff. According to Nemerow, Agardy and Salvato (2009, p. 156) the data collected over the years shows that fifty percent of the infections are preventable if proper measures are taken. It is therefore mandatory for a staff nurse to educate the patients and their visitors about the dangers of infections and their prevention. Though all the wards in the hospital are susceptible to hospital acquired infections, in this essay I will mainly focus on respiratory ward where I work as a staff nurse. The respiratory ward in a hospital provides full range of treatment to patients suffering from various respiratory diseases such as asthma, lung cancer, sleep apnoea, cystic fibrosis, bronchiectasis, TB (tuberclosis) and COPD (Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease). The staff at the respiratory ward comprises of a team of consultant doctors, nurse consultants and specialist nursing teams as well as health professionals for respiratory physiology and physiotherapy among others. Like other wards in the hospital, nursing team is the backbone of the respiratory ward. The Nursing Team Nurse consultants are highly experienced registered nurse who work directly with the patients and ensure that the best medical services are conveniently available to them and that they (the patients) benefit from the best nursing skills. The nurse consultants also contribute towards the education and training of colleagues and are responsible for evaluating care delivered to the patients (Freshwater et al (eds.) 1994, p. 400). In the respiratory ward the nurse consultant supports respiratory patients and their families through primary and secondary care interface (Clancy 2007, p. 28). The nurse specialist is a nurse with a master’s degree in an advanced clinical area and wor k for the improvement of the quality of life of the patient (Lundy and Janes 2009, p. 1068). They are supported by staff nurses; staff nurses take complete care of the patients assigned to them in a hospital (Peate 2012, p. 29). The duties of a staff nurse revolve around clinical activities, administrative activities, educative activities, supervisory activities and communication activities. Infection prevention is the top most priority in the respiratory ward where I work. Being a nurse I can play an important role in reducing the possibility of hospital acquired infections. This is because during training the nurses are imparted the necessary knowledge and equipped with the essential skills to help patient recover swiftly as well as lowering the chances of hospital acquired infections (Goldrick 2006, p. 380). Nosocomial infections or the hospital acquired infections are those infections that develop within the hospital; usually within forty eight to seventy two hours (Qayyum, Satt ar and Waqas 2010, p. 168). The occurrence of hospital

Business plan Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Business plan - Essay Example There are several reasons for the prospective success of this venture. The most important factor is that the current Korean market is undergoing a period of transition from analog to HD video and IPTV. Therefore, demand for HD related products will be higher at this time than at any earlier period. Also, we believe that selling items online has its advantages over selling in person; specialists, enthusiasts and well-informed customers can access the products’ specifications and research them easily through corresponding company websites. In the Korean market, there are very few companies which sell audio/video equipment online, and most of these remain financially weak with low market credibility. Since the market lacks a leading enterprise that can supply both goods and services related to professional audio/video equipment, there is presently a great opportunity for DBS and B&H to secure the premier position through demonstrated high quality services and supply abilities. Finally, DBS’ past experience in the TV and radio industries prepares it well for a long-term role in this new endeavor, while its knowledge of Korean markets can facilitate the formation of well trained human resources for product services. Total sales of Korean broadcasting market including non-profit earnings have increased from $7,700,000,000 in 2004 to $8,635,200,000 in 2005. Moreover, in 2006, it increased by 12.6 % ($9,719,900,000) from 2005. In consideration of the above factors, it can be said that the Korean markets for professional audio/video equipment shall expand and the demands of regular consumer will also increase. At this opportune moment, cooperation between B&H and DBS not only bears the promise of vast earnings but holds the potential of spreading out to other developing Asian countries. We are convinced our proposed plan shall prove mutually beneficial and

Conan Doyle and Ronald Dahl Essay Example for Free

Conan Doyle and Ronald Dahl Essay In this essay I am going to examine the two stories by Sir Arthur Conan Doyle and Ronald Dahl, The Speckled Band and Lambs to the Slaughter. I will do so by comparing, contrasting, and explaining what the two writers are trying to say in each story because both stories are very different but both are the same genre. I will also explain what a genre is, and give examples of their many types. I will start with The Speckled Band by Sir Arthur Conan Doyle. The story contains one of the most famous fictional detectives the world has ever known, Sherlock Holmes. This character was created by Sir Arthur and surfaced in 1887 in Victorian times. The Victorians completely fell for the fictional character because crime was high in London at this time no one was safe. They also liked the character because he cracked every case and always defeated evil. When Doyle tried to kill of the character in 1893, there was a public outcry and Doyle received death threats warning him to keep Holmes alive. The language used is first person and it seems like the story is aimed at a type of upper class because it uses more sophisticated words for intelligent people. Where as Lambs to the Slaughter is third person and it is aimed at average people with average intellectual. Dahl has made it that way because this is his style. This makes the story easier to read. The Speckled Band begins with a very long opening paragraph and this is just to explain the scene and setting. The story starts with Watson explaining how many cases him and Holmes have got to deal with and this lasts for 9 lines which is unusual for an opening sentence. This doesnt give the story any atmosphere, suspense or tension and its really up to you if that little bit can make you want to read on. They usually are short to give you an instant view of what is going on. Dr Watson is telling the story and he is one of Holmess assistants and probably best friend, who help him with cases. He looks up to Holmes and admires him, he is devoted to him. In Lambs to the Slaughter it starts by giving you the setting and the mood of the story straight away by saying The room was warm and clean, the curtains drawn, the two table lamps alight hers and the one by the empty chair opposite. This gives you an image in your head of exactly what the room looks like and how it feels and you can tell this all from the first sentence! This adds to the atmosphere. Another character in this is Dr Grimesby Roylott who is the other main character in the story and he is the villain. Dr Roylott comes across as a very strong, aggressive and nasty man. Not one to mess with. This is a title people have given him because of past criminal offences, selfish, evil, uncivilised, rude behaviour, greed for financial gain, his brutality towards women and his frightening expressions of his savage, primitive nature (i. e. his mania, violent temper and physical cruelty). Even before Dr Roylott enters the story you get a picture of what type of man he is when Helen Stoner comes to Holmes for help and protection. This is where we hear most of the things about him. That he has uncontrollable anger, terrifying power to intimidate and threaten, etc. Holmes and Watson have the job of consoling Miss Stoner. With his appearance he is a huge man with brown hair down to the shoulder and blood shoot eyes. He also has very large hands. Three words I would use to describe him are intelligent, cunning and aggressive. He also isolates him self from the outside world and I think thats another reason why people are suspicious of him. This is every different from the villain in Lambs to the Slaughter. Mrs Mary Maloney is the very nice and pleasant wife for her husband. She does everything he ask of him, has the dinner on the table each night when he comes in at five oclock. She cooks, cleans and washes for him! Mary is extremely happy in her relationship until one day her husband tells her that he has been having an affair. She decides to take it as a dream at first and believes if she carries on as normal she might have imagined it. So she goes down to the cellar to get the meat for supper. As she comes back up he says, For Gods sake, dont make me supper Im going out! and at that moment without any pause she simply walked up behind him, swung the leg of lamb high in the air and brought it down as hard as she could on his head. The mysterious thing about these two villains is that when Dr Roylott gets caught for the murder of Miss Stoners sister you feel happy and glad that he has been rightly accused and he deserves what he gets! The twist is that when Mrs Maloney gets completely away with the murder of her husband you get a sense of feeling that pleases you because even though she has done wrong and should be punished. She has been calm and cunning about the situation and handled it well. Its as if you want her to get away with it! Out of the two Stories I prefer Lambs to the Slaughter because it is easier to read and understand but I like both because a lot of thought has gone into the plot and that makes it more interesting. Show preview only The above preview is unformatted text This student written piece of work is one of many that can be found in our GCSE Arthur Conan Doyle section.

Socially Responsible Marketing

Socially Responsible Marketing Drawing on the readings below and your own literature review outline and discuss the concept of social marketing. How does this differ from societal marketing or socially responsible marketing?. Provide examples of each of the three approaches to marketing and comment on the extent to which these represent a departure from traditional marketing practice. Social marketing Nowadays, social marketing is very common in lots of places, for example government agencies, private nonprofit organizations, private for-profit firms and university. However, many people dont know what does social marketing is and how it differs from similar fields such as communications and behavior mobilization, it is being confused with generic marketing like societal marketing and socially responsible marketing. There are some practitioners are doing social advertising but they think they are doing social marketing. Even some of the literature has defined social marketing improperly. Social marketing is to understand how to influence peoples behavior in a good way and make better standard of living for human, so it is necessarily to make all these marketing concept clear and to understand them more deeply. To discuss the concept of social marketing, we first have to know the definition of it, there are different versions of definition of social marketing, the original one defined it as: the design, implementation and control of programs calculated to influence the acceptability of social ideas and involving considerations of product planning, pricing, communication, distribution and marketing research. (Kotler and Zaltman, 1971), then, there is a revised definition is proposed by Alan R. Andreasen, he proposes the following definition: Social marketing is the adaptation of commercial marketing technologies to programs designed to influence the voluntary behavior of target audiences to improve their personal welfare and that of the society of which they are a part. His definition let the social marketers focus on the result that they influenced and keep the discipline of social marketing distinguishable for the others and also separate social marketing from the areas that is easy to fail. The idea of social marketing is to use the same marketing principles to propaganda ideas, attitudes and behaviors as that were being used to sell products to consumers. There is confusion whether social marketing was limited to public and nonprofit marketers. Actually, they are not necessarily social marketing, this can be very important that public sector bodies to improve the promotion of their relevant services and organizational aims by using standard marketing approaches, it influence social behaviors not to benefit the social marketer, but to benefit either individuals or society as a whole in long run. There are also some private sector hold many activities aim to change beliefs, attitudes and values, but the only reason they are doing that is to increase sales by prevent change e.g. customers switching to another brand. Social marketing can improve the behavior and life style of the public to achieve a social good, but there are some difficulties while doing it, the problem is not the lack of information that people receive but the confusion of getting too much different information from different sources which are inconsistent or uncoordinated. For some small firms, their managers think that they are also part of the social marketers, then it will be difficult for them to keep their eye on the bottom line to change behavior, and also some firm get into trouble because they see the action side of social marketing instead of the planning side and also social marketing effectiveness may be limited if the marketer apply the concept wrongly, and people may blame the social marketing for failures. To apply the social marketing concept, social marketers also need to know the key features and the 4Ps (product, price, place and promotion) in order to help them achieve their social marketing goals. Key features: Customer orientation A key element of all forms of marketing, understand the situation of the target customer, where they start from, their knowledge, attitudes and beliefs, also their background of where they live and work. It can make the progress easily and smoothly. An exchange Defined as an exchange of resources or values between two or more parties with the expectation of some benefits. Social marketers really have to know what is being expected of people and what is their cost to exchange, otherwise, there may be no one are willing to exchange and lead to failure of social marketing. Long-term Planning Approach Continuing programs for a long time instead of one-off campaigns, it should be strategic rather than tactical. Starts and finishes with research and use a long time to plan, because we have to know that behavior is not easy to change, people are used to it in their daily life, so we need to understand why people act as they do and therefore how best to support them in their life choices, therefore, we can reeducate them to change their mind. Moving Beyond the Individual Consumer It will be pointless if we change the behavior or lifestyle of an individual consumer if they are still operating in the same environment, so, it might be very useful to change a group of people or the entire society to achieve the aim of social marketing. How does social marketing differ from societal marketing or socially responsible marketing? Many people confuse the meaning of social marketing, societal marketing and socially responsible marketing. Social marketing is more difficult than generic marketing, because it involves changing intractable behaviors. To make it easier to distinguish social marketing from societal marketing and socially responsible marketing, it is better to know more about them. Societal marketing Societal marketing is a different concept for a different topic, it is an approach that company stake when they are socially responsible, they make good marketing decisions by considering first, the potential clients wants or needs, second, their companys philosophy and spend and the third is at approach of launching products or services in marketing be socially responsible. It is closely linked with the principles of corporate social responsibility and of sustainable development. Societal marketing and social marketing should not be confused. The societal marketing concept was a pioneer of using commercial marketing strategies from sustainable marketing in integrating issues of social responsibility. On the other hand, social marketing uses commercial marketing theories, tools and techniques to social issues. Societal Marketing actually included the concept of sustainable development and Corporate Social Responsibility, so the companies will go beyond delivering their work and products for the benefit of the consumers and the society and it is more than just having an exchange relationship with customers. Socially responsible marketing Socially responsible marketing is a marketing philosophy; it suggests that a company should considerate what is in the best interest of society in the present and long term. Socially responsible companies should produce desirable products fervently. Consumers immediate gratification can obtain from this kind of products and this kind of product can also benefit consumers and society in the long term. Special features of social marketing There are some special features to distinguish social marketing, it is the systematic application of marketing along with other concepts and techniques to achieve specific behavioral goals for a social good, it is an over-simplification although it sometimes seen only as to achieve non-commercial goals by using standard commercial marketing practices Social good is the primary aim of social marketing and it is its first outcome while financial is the primary aim in commercial marketing. But social good can still be contributed to achieve by commercial marketers. Gradually, people describe social marketing as having a social parent which is social sciences and social policy, and a marketing parent which is commercial and public sector marketing approaches. Kotler and Andreasen define social marketing as differing from other areas of marketing only with respect to the objectives of the marketer and his or her organization. Example of social marketing Social marketing applies a customer orientated approach, it can be applied to promotion by making the society to buy merit goods and dissuade the use of demerit goods and also to tell the society that they consider the societys well-being as a whole, for example ask people not to smoke in public areas, reducing cigarette smoking, ask people to use seat belts, prompt them to follow speed limits, encouraging condom use etc. Social marketing knows that commerce brings many benefits, but it can cause harm to individual and society. Tobacco is an extreme example of this, it kills half of its long term users, as Wiebe famously argued, you can sell brotherhood like soap. So, social marketing can do the reverse like tobacco company use marketing to encourage people smoke. Health-related social marketing is widely used in this marketing concept, it is systematical, the behavioral goal is to improve health and reduce health inequalities. There is a specialistÂÂ  team in the Department of Health.ÂÂ  The Social Marketing and theÂÂ  team have been established to support work to integrate a social marketing approach in key work streams.ÂÂ  For example: Health Trainers NHS LifeCheck Health Literacy Skilled for Health Drug Misuse Alcohol Misuse Tobacco Sexual Health Nutrition Physical activity 5 A Day Obesity Health Inequalities Healthy Schools and Children and Young Peoples Public Health Example of societal marketing Nowadays, many organization such as MacDonalds, Unilever and Procter gamble are following the societal marketing concept, they can give out positive message to the government, public, partners, stakeholder and their customer that they are not only working for the profits but also for the well-being of the society. For example: McDonalds: McDonalds stop using their one time innovative Styrofoam packaging and replaced it with a more environmentally paper packaging and bring the message that they are environmentally aware, by using their various forms of packaging to remind us not to litter and be environmental friendly. British American tobacco Company: BAT participates in many society activities all around the world. Their societal marketing strategy is tree plantation. Body Shop: Body Shop is a cosmetic company. All of its products use vegetable based materials. It is also against animal testing, supports community trade, activate self-esteem, defend human rights, and overall protection of the planet. It is a company that completely follows the societal marketing concept. Societal marketing has become more and more important and profitable marketing strategy for companies. It often focused on environmental issues, but it can also focus on promoting healthy behavior while discouraging unhealthy behavior Example of socially responsible marketing An example of socially responsible marketing would be the advertising of alcoholic drinks when there are no rules or regulations. If a beer company is following the socially responsible marketing concept, it would avoid advertising its products to young person under the drinking age, they can advertise their products on TV at late night or in adult magazines, then minors are less likely to see them. Another example of socially responsible marketing is that a catalogue company uses recycled paper to make its catalogues, then this can be shown in the catalogue and it could help persuade customers that the company is environmentally conscious. By doing this, the company can gain market share by differentiate themselves from their competitors. Social marketing represent a departure from traditional marketing practice To a large extent social marketing is different from traditional marketing, it is depend on the type of target audience that social marketers would like to convey their message to. Following are some of the main differences between traditional marketing and social related marketing. Improved response time in social marketing. There is no real contact between customers and the company in traditional marketing, so if the customer got any inquiries, the company needs to go through few parties to get the answer and it lead to a slow responses but in social marketing, they usually response very quickly and some of them use auto-responders to answer customer. Content availability. In this modern world, it is very easy to use the internet to access information about anything and obtain any answer that consumer wants to know. In traditional marketing, the information available is only provided by the distributor from the company, and it might be fabricated. Price Social marketing is much cheaper than traditional marketing, because social marketing can use countless resources from the internet and different ways to advertise, educate and communicate people but traditional marketing have to pay for every single minute of every type of media such as TV advertisements, newspaper and magazines etc. A more level playing field. In social marketing, any company in any size can compete for client with any larger company which is very difficult for traditional marketing to do so, because in social marketing there are no restriction and it is just a matter of using available resources. The ability to changing. It is very In social marketing, it is very easy and cheap to change your message or to provide additional information regards to the product, but in traditional marketing, it is not easy for the television and radio commercials to change. Conclusion In conclusion, social marketing is a very innovative and good idea to promote any idea in a good way, so I think government and health organization should use it more often, but government should also set up more rules and regulations of using social marketing, because there are some company use social marketing to increase their sales by encourage customers buy demerit goods e.g. make people think smoke is healthy.

Impact of Policy on Same-Sex Couples

Impact of Policy on Same-Sex Couples Same-Sex Marriages Executive Summary The public policy explored in this analysis will include section one from the family code titles, marriage relationship. This issue is more prevalent than most would imagine. In 1990 the American bureau of census reported 145,130 same-gender unmarried couples living together. That number is reported to have increased to 594,691 by the year 2000 (Pawelski et al., 2006). According to President Bush, it is up to the individual state to determine any â€Å"legal arrangements other than marriage†. This leaves the definition of marriage up to the individual governments. It is essential to define the different unions as well as have a strong understanding of the implications of each within the state of Texas. According to Bogenschnider, Theory of Paradox consists of three camps that view issues from different angles. The concerned camp tends to be more conservative with their views on the family. It also strives to protect the traditional family values. The sanguine camp is more concerned with the welfare of the children, as well as the individual rights of people of all sexual orientations. The impatient camp seeks progress and respects all members of the community regardless of the concern for the traditional family values. The concerned camp views same-sex marriage as an insult to the historical family unit and the foundations from which the family system was derived. This group is concerned with the research indicating that many stressors responsible for creating significant amount of anxiety and distress for those in the homosexual relationships. This camp is also concerned that regardless of their lifestyle homosexual individuals are still required to â€Å"conform† to traditional heterosexual family styles in order to adopt, regardless of the findings. (I don’t understand this sentence, regardless of what findings?) The teenagers facing their homosexual lifestyle were also found to be more at risk for negative behaviors, including substance abuse and suicide. The concerned camp desires to see the traditional family unit remain intact for the welfare of all individuals, especially the children. The sanguine camp views recent family changes positively as indicators of the capacity of families to adapt to new environments rather than symptoms of decline. The sanguine camp considers the positive results of these family changes for individuals, especially women. The sanguine camp contends that children have the capacity to overcome the emotional upheaval and long term consequences of divorce. They tend to focus on people who have thrived in the midst of family change. The sanguine camp regards marriage, commitment and nurturance as unchanging core American values no matter what. Contenders of this view declare that the dramatic changes in the last quarter century were not about family value but about norms and standards regarding appropriate or inappropriate behavior. For example, cohabitation before marriage became common and one of four children born outside of marriage but majority still want to be married. Regarding policy-making, the greatest concern for the sanguine camp is individual freedom. They want to keep the American core values and establish the institutional supports to help families during rapid changes. The impatient camp acknowledges the change and growth in the diversity of alternative families and their structure. Qualitative research is respected and much of the evidence regarding childrens behavioral and cognitive outcomes incorporates teacher responses along with parent responses. The research supports the changes towards same-sex marriage and welcomes significant positive research findings that support their cause. This camp suggests that families do face challenges, but ultimately have numerous opportunities to demonstrate their resilience though this alternative lifestyle. The recognition of same-sex marriages would alleviate significant amount of stress from those families who are a part of a homosexual partnership. The recognition of this partnership would allow for society to also recognize the partnership leading to a more accepted perspective. The children in these families, as demonstrated by the research results, remain near the average mark in development. However, they continue to have difficulty comprehending and accepting the lifestyle affecting their emotional and social developments. State of Texas can alleviate this stress for these individuals by recognizing these same-sex marriages and providing the same right to homosexual couples that it safeguards for heterosexual individuals. Providing this recognition will allow for all families in the state of Texas to have the same resources, rights, and privileges creating a stronger, more united state, community, and families. Public Policy Project: Same-sex Marriages The public policy explored in this analysis will include section one from the family code titles, marriage relationship. This issue is more prevalent than most would imagine. In 1990 the American bureau of census reported 145,130 same-gender unmarried couples living together . That number is reported to have increased to 594,691 by the year 2000 (Pawelski et al., 2006). According to President Bush, it is up to the individual state to determine any â€Å"legal arrangements other than marriage†. This leaves the definition of marriage up to the individual governments. It is essential to define the different unions as well as have a strong understanding of the implications of each within the state of Texas (question 1). A civil union is a legal mechanism, sanctioned by civil authority, intended to grant same-sex couples legal status somewhat similar to civil marriage. In the United States, civil unions have been established only in Vermont, Massachusetts, and Connecticut. In theses tates, same-sex couples are granted the same state-level rights, benefits, and protections as those granted to heterosexual married couples. No other states recognize civil unions. As such, same-sex couples considered to be legally united in either of those states are treated as single individuals when they cross into other states. A domestic partnership is a relationship between two individuals, often but not necessarily of the same gender, who live together and mutually support one another as spouses but who are not legally joined in a civil marriage or a civil union. Some same-sex couples enter into domestic partnership agreements to create legally enforceable contracts involving property, finances, inheritance, and/or health care. Domestic partnerships do not reach the same legal threshold as civil unions or civil marriages and, accordingly, do not afford couples the rights, benefits,and protections of civil marriage (Pawelski et al., 2006). The definitions are helpful but in the state of Texas any same-sex unions/marriages are banned. Protecting the sanctity of life and marriage at the 79th Texas state Congress 2005, Texans voted on a constitutional amendment defining marriage in fall of 2005. SJR 6 defines marriage as between one man and one woman. Texas voters adopted this amendment on November 8, 2005. Texas now joins 14 states that statutorily and constitutionally ban same-sex marriage. Significant research has been conducted on this topic from many perspectives. It is essential to understand the effect of same-sex relationships on the family system and the individuals within that system. It is very difficult for those in a same-sex relationship to cope with the stigma that society has placed on these relationships. Same-sex relationships have many of the same characteristics that heterosexual relationships possess. According to the research of Todosijevic, Rothblum, Solomon (2005) there are many factors contributing to the success of the same-sex relationship. Given the mixed results on demographic similarity and relationship satisfaction among same-sex couples, it is possible that couple similarity in level of outness may be more important for relationship satisfaction than couple similarity on demographic variables. For example, similarity on actual age (a demographic variable) may be less important than developmental stage in the coming out process (including level of disclosure to others). Couples who are discrepant on outness may have conflict around such issues as where to live (e.g., in an obvious gay neighborhood), whether to bring a partner to work-related social events, and how to introduce their partner to family members. Beals and Peplau (2001) found that discrepancy in openness among partners was not predictive of relationship satisfaction. In another study on this topic, Jordan and Deluty (2000) investigated the correlation between openness and relationship quality in 305 lesbians in committed relationships. Their results indicated that the degree of openness regarding sexual orientation was positively correlated with relationship satisfaction. They also concluded that discrepancy in openness in disclosure between partners was negatively correlated with relationship satisfaction. In addition, Jordan and Deluty (2000) discovered that negative affectivity (e.g., depression, anxiety, fear, anger, guilt, sadness, neuroticism) was not significantly correlated to relationship satisfaction. While, in a 45-year-long study of marital stability and marital satisfaction in 300 heterosexual couples, Kelly and Conely (1987) found that negative affectivity in both genders was negatively related to relationship satisfaction. This demonstrates the significance of same-sex relationships and how they appear much healthier than those of heterosexual partners. It is important that same-sex couples experience satisfaction in their relationships, but also find acceptance within the homosexual community. They experience a significant amount of distress from outside of the homosexual community. As a result they rely heavily on their peers to provide support. The gay lifestyle is a stressful lifestyle. In a study by Todosijevic, Rothblum, and Solomon (2005), gay couples reported experiencing a significant level of anxiety regarding contraction of HIV/AIDS. Further, gay and lesbian couples indicated facing stress from their families due to disapproval of the lifestyle such as â€Å"rejection, lack of support, and lack of understanding by the family due to their sexuality† (p. 165.) In their study of two hundred adolescents and early adult lesbians, Cantor and Neulinger (2000) reported that 47.5% of the interviewees disclosed having made some attempts at suicide at some point in their life. Thirty one percent of these lesbian adolescents and young adults who reported suicide attempts contributed it, at least partially, to their sexual orientation. Furthermore, in high school age males, 36% of the homosexual students surveyed reported having made a suicide attempt at some point in their life compared to 8.9% of their heterosexual counterparts (where is this information coming from?). Data such as this indicates the moral dilemma for the homosexual community, which creates unnecessary stress for homosexual individuals and their families. There are many milestones in life that homosexual individuals have a more difficult time achieving. Society paints a particular picture within which individuals are anticipated to fit snugly. Society expects homosexuals to conform to the norms that it has diligently created over the course of the history. A study was done recently that examined how the courts evaluate same-sex couples when they are attempting to adopt children (Connolly, 1998). The researchers found that the courts expect same-sex couples to conform as best possible to the traditional model of families. Since these couples are not allowed to marry, they are expected to demonstrate their commitment to each other in ways that heterosexual couples do not have to exhibit. Homosexual couples must realize that their demonstration of commitment must be more pronounced than heterosexual couples. They must also work to overcome their persuasion into the model in which the rest of society fits. As more and more same-sex couples are adopting or having children through artificial insemination, concerns regarding the integrity of family structure and developmental outcomes of children in these alternative families are brought to discussion. Golombok, et al. (2003) examined the quality of parent-child relationships, socioemotional and gender development in a community sample of lesbian parents with seven-year olds, and had a control group of heterosexual two-parent families. Demographics of both the lesbian and heterosexual families were similar. There were no statistically significant differences in mother-child relationships with regard to warmth toward child or emotional involvement. Family structure, not mothers sexual orientation, showed significant effects for overall parenting quality and enjoyment of motherhood. There were also no statistically significant differences in the frequency of conflicts with the child. Family structure, with single mothers, having more severe disputes (It seems like this sentence is missing something). Lesbian mothers also reported smacking their children less than heterosexual mothers. Lesbian mothers also engaged in more imaginative play with their children than heterosexual mothers, as single mothers did more often than heterosexual mothers. Fathers showed statistically significant higher levels of emotional involvement and frequency of smacking with their children than co-mothers. Socioemotional development showed no statistically significant difference in conduct problems, hyperactivity, emotional symptoms or positive social behavior as reported by mothers and teachers. The study also showed no differences in children’s behavior according to gender when comparing boys and girls in both heterosexual and lesbian families (Golombok, et al., 2003). Flaks, Ficher, Masterpasqua, Josephs (1995) compared lesbian couples with heterosexual parents and their children, ages three to nine. Their study found that sexual orientation of custodial parents is not a significant variable in successful development of the child and that there were no differences in children coming from divorced heterosexual or same-sex parent families. The purpose of their study was to address concerns of the courts when involved in custody cases. They showed no significant differences with parents sexual orientation or gender of child in outcomes of cognitive development or behavioral adjustment. The study did find that lesbian parents had more parenting awareness skills than heterosexual parents; this was statistically significant. This finding, with further statistical analysis, was shown to be related to gender, with mothers having better parenting skills than fathers. Wainright, Russell, Patterson (2004) examined family type heterosexual parents and same-sex parents, and outcomes in school, psychological adjustment and romantic relationships. Romantic relationships and sexual behavior was not associated with family type. The quality of the parent-child relationship determined better school adjustment. Anderssen, Amlie, Ytteroy (2002) reviewed twenty-three evidenced-based research studies from 1978 to 2000, assessing outcomes for children with lesbian or gay parents. Historically, the Scandanavian courts have not ruled against custody related to sexual orientation of the parent. However, evidenced based research regarding outcomes of children of same-sex parents is needed, since legal rights to adopt or become foster parents is not afforded to same-sex couples as they are to heterosexual couple. Emotional functioning was the outcome most often studied, followed by sexual preference, stigmatization, gender role behavior, behavioral adjustment, gender identity and cognitive functioning. No differences in emotional functioning were shown between same-sex (lesbian) parents and heterosexual parents. There were no differences in sexual preferences in offspring with parental sexual preference. Due to expressed negative attitudes which was received from outsiders, children of same-sex parents experienced stigmatization and teasing. The studies showed that few youngsters were teased no more than other children, and they developed stable relationships with peers as children of heterosexual parents (who said this?). There were no differences in gender role behavior, behavioral adjustment, and cognitive functioning. This significant research shows that the homosexual community faces difficult boundaries, restrictions, and stereotypes, but this community still manages to maintain relationships, raise their children, and live out daily life with less negative outcomes than heterosexual individuals. This leads into the Theory of Paradox with three stances on the subject of same-sex marriages showing negative and positive conclusions (question 6). Striving to protect the traditional family values, the concerned camp tends to be more conservative with their views on the family. The sanguine camp is more concerned with the welfare of the children, as well as the individual rights of people of all sexual orientations. The impatient camp seeks progress and respects all members of the community regardless of the concern for traditional family values. The concerned camp views same-sex marriage as an insult to the historical family unit and the foundations from which the family system was derived. The research indicates many stressors that are responsible for creating significant amount of anxiety, distress, and other negative reactions for those in the homosexual community. The research indicated that regardless of the homosexual lifestyle these individuals are still required to â€Å"conform† to traditional heterosexual family styles in order to adopt, regardless of the findings (This sentence is not clear. Regardless of what findings? Are there findings contrary to the outcome of court decisions on qualification of homosexual parents to adopt?). The teenagers living a homosexual lifestyle were also found to be more at risk for negative behaviors, including suicide. The concerned camp desires to see the traditional family unit remain intact for the welfare of all individuals, especially the children. The sanguine camp views recent family changes positively as indicators of the capacity of families to adapt to new environments rather than symptoms of decline. The sanguine camp concerns the positive results of these family changes for individuals, especially women. The sanguine argue that children have the capacity to overcome the emotional upheaval and long term consequences of divorce. The contenders of this view tend to focus on people who have thrived in the midst of family change. The sanguine camp believes marriage, commitment and nurturance to be unchanging core American values no matter what. According to the sanguine, the dramatic change in the last quarter century was not about family value but about norms and standards regarding appropriate or inappropriate behavior. For example, cohabitation before marriage has become common and one of four children is born outside of marriage but majority still want to be married. Regarding policy-making, the greatest concern for the sanguine camp is individual freedom. They want to keep the American core values and establish the institutional supports to help families through rapid changes. The impatient camp acknowledges the change and growth in the diversity of alternative families and their structure. Qualitative research is respected and much of the evidence regarding childrens behavioral and cognitive outcomes incorporates teacher responses along with parent responses. The research supports changes towards same-sex marriage and welcomes significant positive research findings to support their cause. This camp finds that families do face challenges, but ultimately have numerous opportunities to demonstrate their resilience through this alternative lifestyle (question 7). The families affected most by the failure to recognize same-sex marriages are those homosexual couples who have children. The family members of homosexual couples are also affected by the stereotypes that are involved with the homosexual lifestyle. Principle one addresses the question of if policies or programs set unrealistic expectations for families assuming financial and caregiving responsibilities of dependent, seriously ill or child with special needs. Principle two addresses family stability and explains that policies and programs should help maintain the stability of couples relationships, especially when children are involved (Bogenschneider, 2002). When looking at the Defense of Marriage Act (DOMA) from the perspective of a homosexual family, it does allow for incentives to marry in the state that recognizes homosexual marriages. With the current statue of DOMA, children may not have continued financial support from one of the parents if the homosexual parents separate (NCRF, 2004). Massachusetts legalization of same-sex marriage allows for the children of these families to have some financial security if their parents should divorce or if one of the parents were to die. The issue with the DOMA policy is that it does not allow for financial protection to non-biological children of same-sex relationships (Coolidge Duncan, 2001). Carlson (2004) found that DOMA actually protects the sanctity of heterosexual marriages by not allowing homosexuals to marry legally. The justification here is that homosexual relationships are sterile and that the children from these relationships will not have any kinship to, at a minimum, one of the parents and it could possibly be both of the parents. Carlson (2004) also found that marriage is an evolution in itself (questions 2-3). Question 4: Examine the Implementation of the Policy and Statute (p. 307) – how has the Department implemented this policy? How has subsequent legislation (if any) revised this policy? Note: This flows right into question 5 below. Question 5: Go to page 306 and answer question #1 (Family Impact Questions): Reviewing rules, legislation, and laws to point out how legislation does or does not address families’ needs. The goal of the previous research and the comprehension of the policy is to allow the policy holders to see the detrimental results that have occurred as a result of the failure to recognize same-sex marriages. Homosexual families are suffering as a result of the failure to acknowledge the relationships that are closest to them. Children, according to the research, are well adjusted and develop normally but they are not able to develop socially because of the limitations that are placed on them from being a part of a homosexual family system.. They encounter numerous roadblocks and challenges as a result. The systems that surround them are also aversely affected creating much distress for all individuals that come in contact with each member of the family. The homosexual partners also experience significant distress as a result of the failure of the state of Texas to recognize any union between two individuals of the same sex. These individuals fight uphill battles daily with the simplest household activities, such as medical care/insurance, monetary matters, and significant custody concerns if children are involved. The recognition of same-sex marriages would allow these homosexual families to experience more acceptance and give them the opportunity to continue with normal, daily activities without hindrance (question 8). The recognition of same-sex marriages would alleviate significant amounts of stress from those families who are a part of a homosexual partnership. The recognition of this partnership would allow for society to also recognize the partnership leading to a more accepted perspective. The children in these families, as demonstrated in the research results, remain near the average mark in development, but continue to have difficulty comprehending and accepting the lifestyle affecting their emotional and social developments. Texas can alleviate this stress for these individuals by recognizing these same-sex marriages and providing the same right to homosexual couples that is provided to heterosexual individuals. Providing this recognition will allow for all families in the state of Texas to have the same resources, rights, and privileges creating a stronger, more united state, community, and families. References Anderssen, N., Amlie, C., Ytteroy, E. (2002). Outcomes for children with lesbian or  gay parents. A review of studies from 1978-2000. Scandinavian Journal of Psychology, 43, 335-351. Bogenschneider, K. (2002). Family policy matters. Lawrence Erlbaum Associates:NJ. p.94-97. Brewer, P., Wilcox, C. (2005). The Polls—trends: Same-sex marriage and civil  unions. Public Opinion Quarterly, (69) 4, 599-616. Cantor, C., Neulinger, K. (2000). The epidemiology of suicide and attempted suicide among young Australians. Australian and New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry, 34(3), 370-387. Connolly, C. (1998). The description of gay and lesbian families in second-parent adoption. Behavioral Sciences the Law: Special issue: Families and Courts, 16(2), 225-236. Flaks, D., Ficher, I., Masterpasqua, F., Joseph, G. (1995). Lesbians choosing  motherhood: A comparative study of lesbian and heterosexual parents and their children. Developmental Psychology, 31, 105-114. Golombok, S., Perry, B., Burston, A., Murray, C., Mooney-Somers, J., Stevens, M., et al. (2003). Children with lesbian parents: A community study. Developmental Psychology, 39, 20-33. Jordan, K., Deluty, R. (2000). Social support, coming out, and relationship  satisfaction in lesbian couples. Journal of Lesbian Studies, 4, 145–164. Kelly, E., Conely, J. (1987). Personality and compatibility: A prospective analysis of  marital stability and marital satisfaction. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 58, 27–40. Lewis, R., Derlega, V., Berndt, A., Morris, L., Rose, S. (2001).An empirical analysis of  stressors for gay men and lesbians. Journal of Homosexuality, 42, 63–88. Meyer, I. (2003). Prejudice, social stress, and mental health in lesbian, gay, and  bisexual populations: Conceptual issues and research evidence. Psychological Bulletin, 129, 674– 697. Pawelski, J., Perrin, E., Foy, J., Allen, C., Crawford, J., Del Monte, M., Kaufman, M., Klein, J., Smith, K., Springer, S., Tanner, J., Vickers, D., (2006). The Effects of marriage, civil union, and domestic partnership laws on the health and well-being of children. Pediatrics, (118)1, 349-364. Pope, S. (2004). The magisteriums arguments against same-sex marriage: An  ethical analysis and critique. Theological Studies , 65(3), 530-555. Todosijevic, J., Rothblum, E., Solomon, S. (2005). Relationship satisfaction,  affectivity, and gay-specific stressors in same-sex couples joined in civil unions. Psychology of Women Quarterly, 29, 158–166.

Language Is A Virus :: essays research papers

Language Is A Virus A written work, whether it is a story, a poem or a song, can be as vague and indeterminable as a painting and given to many different interpretations. It gives an opportunity for the reader to use his imagination and his emotions in absorbing the writing and comprehending its meaning. The interpretation of written work varies with circumstances, such as different cultures, religions, historical times or just personal feelings. Folk tales and legends are stories that have been passed throughout generations and are being told in many parts of the world in different languages. These stories, originally written as local tales, pass the boundaries of their localities and become absorbed into the folklore of other religions and countries through publication in other languages. In many cases they are being altered to suit the tastes, customs and modes of behavior of the population to which the readers belong. In other instances the written works are absorbed in different localities, in their original forms, but even then their meaning varies in accordance with the cultural, religious and economical conditions of the country as a whole and of the reader as an individual. Obviously, a written work is a product of the period in which it is written. Unless it is a historical tale, the subjects, characters and events described, would be of a temporary nature or have a temporary outlook and appeal. Many writings are of a controversial nature and as such they appeal to some but can meet with a violent disapproval by others. Salman Rashdie has been lucky to survive the violent anger of the Muslim world. But at the same time he became popular with many segments of the population, not necessarily due to the greatness of his writing, but primarily because of the controversial subject he touches upon, the fact that he criticizes his own and that his criticism appeals to a non Muslim reader. Language is like a

Far from the madding crowd’ is set in the late 1860s to the early 1870s :: Free Essay Writer

Far from the madding crowd’ is set in the late 1860s to the early 1870s in Wessex, a fictional county based heavily on Dorset. Far From The Madding Crowd Thomas hardy was born in 1840 in Dorset which is located near Dorchester. Hardy's first important novel was Far from the Madding Crowd in which he successfully adapted to a traditional form to his own purposes, slightly changing it in the process. His novel states the importance of man's connection to, and understanding of, the natural world. The story is set in an agricultural rural community. He viewed the industrial revolution as a major threat to the communities he loved. The main character in this novel is a shepherd who is called Gabriel, this gives off a very pastoral mood in the novel. The plot develops complications when Bathsheba has love for three different men. Gabriel Oak who is the shepphard embodies Hardy's ideal of a life in harmony with the forces of the natural world. Throughout the entire novel there are unusual twists and turns and in the end Bathsheba ultimately marries Gabriel, whom she had turned away so long ago. In the story of all Thomas Hardy’s novels, both love and fate play major roles. In the first chapter we are introduced to Gabriel oak. He is a young sheppard. The main incident starts when Gabriel is walking in the countryside and he sees a wagon travelling down the road, and sees this young attractive woman is sitting on top if it. The Waggoner comes to a halt when they reached the gatekeeper and they had to pay a fee of three pence but the woman refused and only offered two pence. Gabriel stepped forward and paid the gatekeeper the rest of the fee and he insisted to let the women pass. ‘Far from the madding crowd’ is set in the late 1860s to the early 1870s in Wessex, a fictional county based heavily on Dorset. The village where Gabriel oak lives is in a small rural community. Many people such as Oak liked to hold onto their traditional views and values. Nowadays many of these views would be considered conservative and possibly outdated. Oak being a Shepard is very significant because it links back to the bible, so there are a lot of religious and biblical references in this novel. Most people went to church on Sunday. Church was very important. We learn that Gabriel Oak goes to church but doesn’t take it seriously. Hardy uses rural dialect to bring the minor characters to life, this gives them some personality. ‘Higgling matter’. Even though it is a winter’s day it is described as

My Trip On The Ganges River :: essays research papers

My Trip on the Ganges River About 2 weeks ago I went on an exciting trip along the Ganges River. In this letter I'll tell you all about it. It turns out that the Ganges has its beginning in an ice cave 10,300 feet above sea level in the snow-covered Himalayan Mountains of northern India. From there, the river flows towards the southeast and goes through East Pakistan, for about 1,557 miles. Ganges River then empties into the Bay of Bengal. Several tributary rivers, including the Jumna, Rmganga, Gumti, Gogra, Son, and Kusi also add to the waters of the Ganges. As I was going past the Bay of Bengal I noticed some people with severe sicknesses and crippled bathing in the Ganges River. My guide told me that to Indians, Ganges River is sacred and people believe that the touch of its water will cure some diseases. I was shocked to find out that people even go to that river to die in hope that they will go to paradise. I should point out that the river is only sacred to Hindus. It was interesting to find out that each year, thousands of Hindu pilgrims visit such holy cities as Benares and Allahabad along the banks of the Ganges. They go there just to bathe in the river and to take home some of its water. The Ganges River is so important to the Indians that they call it "Ganga Mata" or Mother Ganges. It is also the greatest waterway in India and one of the largest in the world. Temples line the riverbank, and stairways, called ghats, lead down to the water. I am enclosing one of the pictures I took of the Ganges River. The river is an important trade place. Its valley is fertile and densely populated. Some of India's largest cities like Calcutta, Howrah, Patna, Benares, Allahabad, and Cawnpore are located on the river. India's capital, New Delhi, is on one of its tributaries, the Jumna. The Ganges River however, isn't as

Movie Analysis: A Walk to Remember Essay

A Walk To Remember is a romantic movie based on a novel by Nicholas Sparks. It is a 2002 Warner Bros film which starred the 90s pop singer Mandy Moore as the demure, religious, and bookish Jamie Sullivan and punk rock musician Shane West as the popular but rebellious Landon Carter. Directed by Adam Shankman, the story is set in the small town of Beaufort, North Carolina. Landon and his entourage of hooligans have an initiation ritual which, as usual, involved some defiance of authority. One night, after drinking, Landon and his clique trespassed in a cement factory and decided to jump into a pond only in their underwear. While doing their inanities, one of their friends got hurt from jumping off from the cement apparatus. They panicked and got the attention of the security guard so they decided to run away. All of them were able to escape except Landon and his friend who was still unconsciously lying beside the pond. Because he’s still a minor, he’s punishment was doing after-school community service and participating in a school play. Joining the school play got him involved with Jamie Sullivan, the reverend’s daughter who had nothing in common with him. Jamie was dedicated in everything she does and excelled in school. Because of her Baptist upbringing, she often wears the same old and loose sweater and that created an impression of â€Å"oddity† from others. This usual faà §ade of hers made Landon cold and distant from her. At first, he was only using Jamie to help him memorize the lines in the play. But as he spent more time with her, he discovered the real Jamie and realized that she’s far from the person he thought she was. In the final act of the play, he got astounded by Jamie’s beauty as she sang Only Hope with her melodic voice. It was the first time she ever saw Jamie all made up. He got carried away and kissed Jamie even though it was not part of the script. After the play, he tried to be closer to her and to make up for all the offensive things he said and did. But Jamie just kept pushing him away. Not until Langdon’s friends publicly humiliated Jamie in school by placing a picture of her head in body of an indecently dressed woman. This embarrassed Jamie so much. Though he knew it would ruin his relationship  with his friends, Landon took Jamie’s side and defended her. He then gained Jamie’s trust again and Jamie did not avoid him anymore. Landon continued to do special things for Jamie by taking her to a date, buying a new sweater for her, and taking her to special places. Not long after, he started to develop strong feelings for her, something he did not expect to do. But a heart-breaking secret becomes known that puts their relationship to the test, Jamie confessed to Langdon that she had leukemia and had stopped responding to treatments. Despite of this, Langdon still held on with her. He was there when she needed him the most and fulfilled the most important wish in her wish list – to get married in the church where her deceased mother also got married. The actors Shane West and Mandy Moore have chemistry with each other. Both have portrayed their characters well. Mandy Moore’s voice was an asset in the movie. The part where he sang the Only Hope was the most unforgettable and amazing part she did. She’s also the voice behind most of the soundtracks the movie used such us Cry, Lighthouse, and Someday We’ll Know. The musical directors have chosen songs that perfectly fit the scenes in the movie. An example was the part where Landon danced along with her mother and the song was â€Å"Mother, we just can’t get enough† by the New Radicals. The songs are also remarkable that whenever the song Cry is heard, people who have watched would always associate it with the movie. Other soundtracks were also recorded by the Switchfoot band. Another positive thing about the movie is that it did not end with Jamie on the death bed. It just showed Landon watching the sunset smiling and still believing that Jamie is still with him. Like the air, he couldn’t see her, but he could feel her. That created an optimistic ending for the movie. The movie fits all ages. Though it is a romantic film, it is wholesome. Jamie and Landon did not go beyond kissing. It also teaches the audience the true essence of faith, forgiveness, and love. Faith was manifested by Jamie and her father who did not lose their trust in God despite Jamie having leukemia. Forgiveness was also shown when Shane pardoned his friends who  hurt and despised him and his father who left him for another woman. And love was omnipresent all throughout the movie. The reality of death was not a hindrance for Jamie and Landon’s love for each other; it wasn’t a reason to lose their faith in God. Indeed, love never fails. Over all, it’s a must-see movie. It’s a movie for those who wants to know what love is, who wants to be in love, and who are already in love and wants to stay in it. It’s a timeless movie that would surely make one’s heart melt in awe.

Hamlet- His Procrastination and Its Causes Essay

Hamlet, by William Shakespeare, is one of the most celebrated plays in the English language. Throughout the play, Hamlet struggles with the death of his father and the swift remarriage of his mother to his father†Ã¢â‚¬ËœÃ¢â‚¬ s brother. In Act I, scene iv, his father†Ã¢â‚¬ËœÃ¢â‚¬ s ghost appears, urging Hamlet for revenge over his untimely murder (committed by his own brother). Taken aback by shock, Hamlet agrees with to revenge, ‘†Ã¢â‚¬ËœÃ¢â‚¬ ¦with wings as swift / as meditation or the thoughts of love'†Ã¢â‚¬Ëœ (I.iv.29-30). After this visitation however, many critics proclaim Hamlet procrastinates action for various reasons. Some relate his delay to his high intellect and over analysis of the situation; others declare his lack of courage caused his inaction. Two of the strangest interpretations include the following: that Shakespeare penned the delayed simply for the purpose of having a five-act play, and that Hamlet was truly ‘†Ã¢â‚¬Ëœa woman is disguise!'†Ã¢â‚¬Ëœ (‘†Ã¢â‚¬ËœHamlet: His Own Falstaff'†Ã¢â‚¬Ëœ 12). Regardless of the various reasons attributed to the hesitation, his delay is especially noticeable because it lies in stark contrast to Fortinbras†Ã¢â‚¬ËœÃ¢â‚¬  and Laertes†Ã¢â‚¬ËœÃ¢â‚¬  passionate desire for their respective fathers†Ã¢â‚¬ËœÃ¢â‚¬  revenge. As Curtis Perry articulates, ‘†Ã¢â‚¬Ëœ[Hamlet†Ã¢â‚¬ËœÃ¢â‚¬ s] hesitation stands out as all the more unusual'†Ã¢â‚¬Ëœ due to the others unmatched need for vengeance (‘†Ã¢â‚¬ËœThematic and Structural Analysis'†Ã¢â‚¬Ëœ 22). Many take a very literal interpretation of the play and maintain that many of that situations in which Hamlet delays were a necessary and essential step in the process of revenge. An example lies in Hamlet†Ã¢â‚¬ËœÃ¢â‚¬ s first confrontation with the Ghost. Upon seeing the Ghost†Ã¢â‚¬ËœÃ¢â‚¬ s image, Hamlet remarks, ‘†Ã¢â‚¬ËœBe thou a spirit of health or goblin damned, / Bring with thee airs from heaven or blasts from hell, / Be thy intents wicked or charitable, / Thou com†Ã¢â‚¬ËœÃ¢â‚¬ st in such a questionable shape / That I will speak to thee'†Ã¢â‚¬Ëœ (I.iv.40-44). This quote demonstrates Hamlet†Ã¢â‚¬ËœÃ¢â‚¬ s fear that his father†Ã¢â‚¬ËœÃ¢â‚¬ s ghost could be a devil from hell sent to pressure him to sin. He brooded over this fear until the traveling players (actors) enter the story. The performance of the play, ‘†Ã¢â‚¬ËœThe Murder of Gonzago'†Ã¢â‚¬Ëœ presented Hamlet the opportunity to see if the ghost was lyin g about his murder. He altered a speech in the play to read exactly as the ghost said he was murdered. He planned to watch his uncle†Ã¢â‚¬ËœÃ¢â‚¬ s reactions and he believed, ‘†Ã¢â‚¬Ëœif his occulted guilt / Do no itself unkennel in one speech, / it is a damned ghost that we have seen'†Ã¢â‚¬Ëœ (III.ii.85-87).  Many critics use this for evidence that Hamlet delays in the murder of his uncle until he has verification that the ghost is not a demon. However, after his uncle, King Claudius, flees from the room before the plays completion it is obvious that Claudius is the murderer. Hamlet, intent on murdering him, follows him to where he is praying. He once again refrains from the murder because it was a religious belief at the time if a man is killed while praying, his soul is saved and sent to heaven. Hamlet wishes to kill both Claudius†Ã¢â‚¬ËœÃ¢â‚¬  body and soul. William Hazlitt is one of the critics who take an opposing point of view to Hamlet†Ã¢â‚¬ËœÃ¢â‚¬ s inaction. Hazlitt views Hamlet as follows: ‘†Ã¢â‚¬ËœHe seems incapable of deliberate action†¦ when he is most bound to act, he remains puzzled, undecided, and skeptical, dallies with his purposes, till the occasion is lost†¦ for this reason he refuses to kill the King when he is at prayers, and by a refinement in malice, which is in truth only an excuse for his own want of resolution, defers his revenge to a more fatal opportunity'†Ã¢â‚¬Ëœ (‘†Ã¢â‚¬ËœOn Hamlet†Ã¢â‚¬ËœÃ¢â‚¬ s Power of Action'†Ã¢â‚¬Ëœ 26). Hazlitt believes that Hamlet†Ã¢â‚¬ËœÃ¢â‚¬ s inaction is partly due to his cowardice. Hamlet himself indicates this in his soliloquy in act IV, scene iv, lines 41-46 that although he has all the reasons in the world to murder, he cannot seem to commit himself to the action. As T. McAlindon phrases it, ‘†Ã¢â‚¬Ëœthe great hole in the middle of the play is the unwritten soliloquy in which Hamlet weighs the rights and wrongs of private revenge and identifies the cause of his delay. Hamlet†Ã¢â‚¬ËœÃ¢â‚¬ s failure to do this testifies to the depth of his confusion'†Ã¢â‚¬Ëœ (‘†Ã¢â‚¬ËœOn Love in Hamlet'†Ã¢â‚¬Ëœ 65). McAlindon reasons that his inability to act is a combination of his cowardice and his hesitation of what to do in the situation. Goethe says, quite harshly, that Hamlet lacks, ‘†Ã¢â‚¬Ëœthe strength of nerve which forms a hero'†Ã¢â‚¬Ëœ (‘†Ã¢â‚¬ËœOn William Meister and Hamlet'†Ã¢â‚¬Ëœ 24). Critic August Wilhelm von Schlegel goes as far as to say that of the few times that Hamlet did act out, it wasn†Ã¢â‚¬ËœÃ¢â‚¬ t because he was brave. When he, ‘†Ã¢â‚¬Ëœsucceeded in getting rid of his enemies, [it was] more through necessity and accident†¦ than by the merit of his own courage, as he himself confesses after the murder of Polonius, and with respect to  Rosencrantz and Guildenstern'†Ã¢â‚¬Ëœ (‘†Ã¢â‚¬ËœOn Hamlet†Ã¢â‚¬ËœÃ¢â‚¬ s Flaws'†Ã¢â‚¬Ëœ 36). Harold Goddard takes a different viewpoint concerning the spur-of-the moment killings of Polonius, Rosencrantz, and Guildenstern. Goddard likens Hamlet†Ã¢â‚¬ËœÃ¢â‚¬ s choices to a tug of war: ‘†Ã¢â‚¬ËœIf two forces pulling a body in opposite directions are unequal, the body will move in response to the preponderant force. If the two are nearly equal, but alternately gain slight ascendancy, it will remain unmoved except for corresponding vibrations'†Ã¢â‚¬Ëœ (‘†Ã¢â‚¬ËœHamlet: His Own Falstaff'†Ã¢â‚¬Ëœ 20). Those â€Å"‘†corresponding vibrations†Ã¢â‚¬ËœÃ¢â‚¬  he speaks of are the instances in which Hamlet finally takes action. Harry Levin carries a similar opinion, arguing that Hamlet, ‘†Ã¢â‚¬Ëœdeliberates between rival options: either to revenge or not to revenge, whether a visitant comes from heaven or hell'†Ã¢â‚¬Ëœ (‘†Ã¢â‚¬ËœInterrogation, Doubt, Irony'†Ã¢â‚¬Ëœ 51). Levin implies that H amlet†Ã¢â‚¬ËœÃ¢â‚¬ s delay is due more to his mental deliberation and doubt than to cowardice. The mental deliberation, which Levin and Goddard speak of, is due to the high intellect that Hamlet possesses. Goddard, believing that Hamlet is a born intellect, considers in this extreme example that having him play the role of avenger, ‘†Ã¢â‚¬Ëœis almost as if Jesus had been asked to play the role of Napoleon†¦'†Ã¢â‚¬Ëœ (‘†Ã¢â‚¬ËœHamlet: His Own Falstaff'†Ã¢â‚¬Ëœ 12). In one of the most famous analyzations of Hamlet, Friedrich Nietzsche compares Hamlet to a Dionysian man: ‘†Ã¢â‚¬ËœKnowledge kills action; actions requires the veils of illusion: that is the doctrine of Hamlet, not that cheap wisdom of Jack the Dreamer who reflects too much and, as it were, from an excess of possibilities does not get around to action. Not reflection, no-true knowledge, an insight into the horrible truth, outweighs any motive of action, both in Hamlet and in the Dionysian man'†Ã¢â‚¬Ëœ (‘†Ã¢â‚¬ËœOn Hamlet as the Dionysian Man'†Ã¢â‚¬Ëœ 40). Hamlet†Ã¢â‚¬ËœÃ¢â‚¬ s intellect has also been used negatively as a reason for his deterrence in action. Lawrence Danson believes that Hamlet does not feel satisfied to kill Claudius at any time; Hamlet must kill in a moment with poetic justice and beauty. Hamlet wishes to commit the murder in all  perfection, ‘†Ã¢â‚¬Ëœand because he cannot have his revenge perfect, according to the most refined idea his wish can form, he declines it altogether'†Ã¢â‚¬Ëœ (‘†Ã¢â‚¬ËœOn Hamlet†Ã¢â‚¬ËœÃ¢â‚¬ s Power of Action'†Ã¢â‚¬Ëœ 26). In the final murder, ‘†Ã¢â‚¬Ëœas the overdetermined image of Pyrrhus in the Player†Ã¢â‚¬ËœÃ¢â‚¬ s speech suggests, avenger and victim must finally become one. Hamlet dies, and his death, the necessary end of this tragedy, enables his expressive gesture'†Ã¢â‚¬Ëœ (‘†Ã¢â‚¬ËœTragic Alphabet'†Ã¢â‚¬Ëœ 85). Another negative view on Hamlet†Ã¢â‚¬ËœÃ¢â‚¬ s intellect and delay is that he is a dreamer who cannot relate to the real world. C.S. Lewis borrows from one of Hamlet†Ã¢â‚¬ËœÃ¢â‚¬ s soliloquies as he describes the picture the reader perceives of Hamlet as, ‘†Ã¢â‚¬Ëœa dull and muddy-mettled rascal, a John-a-dreams, somehow unable to move while ultimate dishonor is done him'†Ã¢â‚¬Ëœ (‘†Ã¢â‚¬ËœOn Hamlet†Ã¢â‚¬ËœÃ¢â‚¬ s Soliloquies'†Ã¢â‚¬Ëœ 50). Samuel Taylor Coleridge reasons that the cause for Hamlet†Ã¢â‚¬ËœÃ¢â‚¬ s inability to move is that his balance between the world of the mind and the real world are disturbed. As a cause, ‘†Ã¢â‚¬Ëœ[he] delays actions till action is of no use, and dies the victim of mere circumstance and accident'†Ã¢â‚¬Ëœ (‘†Ã¢â‚¬ËœOn Hamlet†Ã¢â‚¬ËœÃ¢â‚¬ s Intellectualism'†Ã¢â‚¬Ëœ 38-39). His inability to deal with the real world make the situation presented to him (revenge of his father†Ã¢â‚¬ËœÃ¢â‚¬ s murder) almost too great for his mind. Oscar Wilde describes the situation as follows: ‘†Ã¢â‚¬ËœHe is a dreamer, and he is called upon to act. He has the nature of the poet and he is asked to grapple with the common complexities of cause and effect, with life in its practical realization, of which he knows nothing, not with life in its ideal essence, of which he knows much'†Ã¢â‚¬Ëœ (‘†Ã¢â‚¬ËœOn Rosencrantz and Guildenstern'†Ã¢â‚¬Ëœ 41). Many critics follow Wilde†Ã¢â‚¬ËœÃ¢â‚¬ s belief that Hamlet was unfit for the task of revenge. However, other experts attribute his inadequacy in the part of avenger not to a habit of dreaming but rather to his lack of a violent nature. To Johann Wolfgang von Goethe, Hamlet, with a ‘†Ã¢â‚¬Ëœsoul unfit'†Ã¢â‚¬Ëœ for the deed, is like, ‘†Ã¢â‚¬Ëœan oak-tree planted in a costly jar, which should have borne only pleasant flowers in its bosom; [but regrettably] the roots expand, [and] the jar is shivered'†Ã¢â‚¬Ëœ (‘†Ã¢â‚¬ËœOn William Meister and Hamlet'†Ã¢â‚¬ËœÃ‚  24). Northrop Frye expresses that Hamlet must clear his mind over everything he is accustomed to – ‘†Ã¢â‚¬Ëœthought and feeling and observation and awareness'†Ã¢â‚¬Ëœ – and focus, ‘†Ã¢â‚¬Ëœsolely on hatred and revenge, a violent alteration of his natural mental habits'†Ã¢â‚¬Ëœ in order to commit the act of revenge (‘†Ã¢â‚¬ËœThe Tragedy of Order'†Ã¢â‚¬Ëœ 131). Best said according to this school of criticism, Hamlet is in itself the story of an ‘†Ã¢â‚¬Ëœintelligent man and the uncongenial role- that of avenger- that fate calls upon him to play'†Ã¢â‚¬Ëœ (Rosenblum 117). An important consideration in the examination of Hamlet†Ã¢â‚¬ËœÃ¢â‚¬ s procrastination is his own recognition of it. In act II, scene ii, lines 599-602, Hamlet proclaims: ‘†Ã¢â‚¬ËœWhy, what an ass am I! This is most brave, / That I, the son of a dear father murdered, / Prompted to my revenge by heaven and hell, / Must (like a whore) unpack my heart with words†¦'†Ã¢â‚¬Ëœ Earlier in this same soliloquy, Hamlet asks, ‘†Ã¢â‚¬ËœWhat would [Hecuba] do, / Had he the motive and the cue for passion / That I have?'†Ã¢â‚¬Ëœ (II.ii.574-576). Curtis Perry, of Harvard University, stresses that the use of the words ‘†Ã¢â‚¬Ëœprompted'†Ã¢â‚¬Ëœ and ‘†Ã¢â‚¬Ëœcue'†Ã¢â‚¬Ëœ in the same speech imply that Hamlet feels as though he is only an actor preparing for a role; he feels he ‘†Ã¢â‚¬Ëœlacks the passion to commit a rash murder'†Ã¢â‚¬Ëœ (‘†Ã¢â‚¬ËœThematic and Structural Analysis'†Ã¢â‚¬Ë œ 18). He is disgusted that the players (actors) could create more passion ‘†Ã¢â‚¬Ëœall for nothing'†Ã¢â‚¬Ëœ (II.ii.571) than he can for the revenge of his father. Hamlet has a similar self-confrontation in his fourth soliloquy in act IV, scene iv: in these scene, he encounters the captain of Fortinbras†Ã¢â‚¬ËœÃ¢â‚¬  army marching to battle over a, ‘†Ã¢â‚¬Ëœlittle patch of ground / That hath in it no profit but the name'†Ã¢â‚¬Ëœ (IV.iv.18-19). He is amazed over the willingness of these soldiers to die in the pursuit of honor in contrast to his own ‘†Ã¢â‚¬Ëœdull revenge'†Ã¢â‚¬Ëœ (IV.iv.33). He commits himself to pursue only bloody thoughts and to no longer delay in his father†Ã¢â‚¬ËœÃ¢â‚¬ s revenge. Perhaps one of the most widely debated reasons that critics have attributed to Hamlet†Ã¢â‚¬ËœÃ¢â‚¬ s delay is Sigmund Freud†Ã¢â‚¬ËœÃ¢â‚¬ s controversial Oedipus Complex. In this school of criticism and psychology, ever son has strong repressed sexual feelings towards his own mother. According to Freud: ‘†Ã¢â‚¬ËœHamlet is able to do anything- except take vengeance on the man who did away with his father and took that father†Ã¢â‚¬ËœÃ¢â‚¬ s place with his mother, the man who shows him the repressed wishes of his own childhood realized. Thus the loathing which should drive him on to revenge is replaced in him by self-reproaches, by scruples of conscience, which remind him that he himself is literally no better than the sinner whom he is to punish'†Ã¢â‚¬Ëœ (‘†Ã¢â‚¬ËœOn Hamlet and His Father'†Ã¢â‚¬Ëœ 44). Harold Bloom, stands in stark disagreement to Freud†Ã¢â‚¬ËœÃ¢â‚¬ s beliefs. Bloom believes that, ‘†Ã¢â‚¬ËœThe Hamlet Complex is not incestuous but†¦[instead] theatrical'†Ã¢â‚¬Ëœ (54). A school of thought not often considered is why the reader feels he must obey his father. Harold Goddard believes that in all of us there is, ‘†Ã¢â‚¬Ëœstored up within ourselves so many unrequited wrongs and injuries, forgotten and unforgotten†¦ that we like nothing better than to rid ourselves of a little of the accumulation by projecting it†¦ on the defenseless puppets of the dramatic imagination'†Ã¢â‚¬Ëœ (‘†Ã¢â‚¬ËœHamlet: His Own Falstaff'†Ã¢â‚¬Ëœ 13). Cedric Watts stresses perhaps the most important belief in the analysis of Hamlet: ‘†Ã¢â‚¬Ëœthere is no master-Hamlet to be discovered by poring over the text, and we don†Ã¢â‚¬ËœÃ¢â‚¬ t need such a discovery'†Ã¢â‚¬Ëœ (‘†Ã¢â‚¬ËœOn the Many Interpretations of Hamlet'†Ã¢â‚¬Ëœ 63). Watts stresses that Hamlet was written not to be interpreted in one sole fashion, but to be interpreted in a multitude of different ways. The joy in trying to read Hamlet and analyze the reasons for his procrastination lay in the fact that, ‘†Ã¢â‚¬Ëœif we fail to seek what it never surrenders, we fail to enjoy what it renders'†Ã¢â‚¬Ëœ (‘†Ã¢â‚¬ËœOn the Many Interpretations of Hamlet'†Ã¢â‚¬Ëœ 63). —- BIBLIOGRAPHY (format is weird b/c I didn’t know how to cite a certain book that contained a collection of seperate essays) BIBLIOGRAPHY Bloom, Harold. Hamlet: Poem Unlimited. New York: Riverhead Books, 2003. Bloom, Harold. Modern Critical Views: William Shakespeare- The Tragedies. Philadelphia, PA: Chelsea House Publishers, 1986. Coleridge, Samuel Taylor. ‘†Ã¢â‚¬ËœOn Hamlet†Ã¢â‚¬ËœÃ¢â‚¬ s Intellectualism.'†Ã¢â‚¬Ëœ William Shakespeare†Ã¢â‚¬ËœÃ¢â‚¬ s Hamlet: Bloom†Ã¢â‚¬ËœÃ¢â‚¬ s Notes, 1996 ed. Danson, Lawrence. ‘†Ã¢â‚¬ËœTragic Alphabet.'†Ã¢â‚¬Ëœ Modern Critical Interpretations: William Shakespeare†Ã¢â‚¬ËœÃ¢â‚¬ s Hamlet. 1986 ed. Freud, Sigmund. ‘†Ã¢â‚¬ËœOn Hamlet and His Father.'†Ã¢â‚¬Ëœ William Shakespeare†Ã¢â‚¬ËœÃ¢â‚¬ s Hamlet: Bloom†Ã¢â‚¬ËœÃ¢â‚¬ s Notes, 1996 ed. Frye, Northrop. ‘†Ã¢â‚¬ËœThe Tragedy of Order.'†Ã¢â‚¬Ëœ Modern Critical Views: William Shakespeare- The Tragedies. 1986 ed. Goddard, Harold. ‘†Ã¢â‚¬ËœHamlet: His Own Falstaff.'†Ã¢â‚¬Ëœ Modern Critical Interpretations: William Shakespeare†Ã¢â‚¬ËœÃ¢â‚¬ s Hamlet. 1986 ed. Goethe, Johann Wolfgang von. ‘†Ã¢â‚¬ËœOn William Meister and Hamlet.'†Ã¢â‚¬Ëœ Bloom†Ã¢â‚¬ËœÃ¢â‚¬ s Major Dramatists: Shakespeare†Ã¢â‚¬ËœÃ¢â‚¬ s Tragedies. 2000 ed. Hazlitt, William. ‘†Ã¢â‚¬ËœOn Hamlet†Ã¢â‚¬ËœÃ¢â‚¬ s Power of Action.'†Ã¢â‚¬Ëœ Bloom†Ã¢â‚¬ËœÃ¢â‚¬ s Major Dramatists: Shakespeare†Ã¢â‚¬ËœÃ¢â‚¬ s Tragedies. 2000 ed. Levin, Harry. ‘†Ã¢â‚¬ËœInterrogation, Doubt, Irony.'†Ã¢â‚¬Ëœ Modern Critical Views: William Shakespeare- The Tragedies. 1986 ed. Lewis, C.S. ‘†Ã¢â‚¬ËœOn Hamlet†Ã¢â‚¬ËœÃ¢â‚¬ s Soliloquies.'†Ã¢â‚¬Ëœ William Shakespeare†Ã¢â‚¬ËœÃ¢â‚¬ s Hamlet: Bloom†Ã¢â‚¬ËœÃ¢â‚¬ s Notes, 1996 ed. McAlindon, T. ‘†Ã¢â‚¬ËœOn Love in Hamlet.'†Ã¢â‚¬Ëœ William Shakespeare†Ã¢â‚¬ËœÃ¢â‚¬ s Hamlet: Bloom†Ã¢â‚¬ËœÃ¢â‚¬ s Notes, 1996 ed. Nietzsche, Friedrich. ‘†Ã¢â‚¬ËœOn Hamlet as the Dionysian Man.'†Ã¢â‚¬Ëœ William Shakespeare†Ã¢â‚¬ËœÃ¢â‚¬ s Hamlet: Bloom†Ã¢â‚¬ËœÃ¢â‚¬ s Notes, 1996 ed. Perry, Curtis. ‘†Ã¢â‚¬ËœThematic and Structural Analysis.'†Ã¢â‚¬Ëœ William Shakespeare†Ã¢â‚¬ËœÃ¢â‚¬ s Hamlet: Bloom†Ã¢â‚¬ËœÃ¢â‚¬ s Notes, 1996 ed. Rosenblum, Joseph. A Reader†Ã¢â‚¬ËœÃ¢â‚¬ s Guide to Shakespeare. New York: Barnes and Noble Books, 1999. Schlegel, August Wilhelm von. ‘†Ã¢â‚¬ËœOn Hamlet†Ã¢â‚¬ËœÃ¢â‚¬ s Flaws.'†Ã¢â‚¬Ëœ William Shakespeare†Ã¢â‚¬ËœÃ¢â‚¬ s Hamlet: Bloom†Ã¢â‚¬ËœÃ¢â‚¬ s Notes, 1996 ed. Shakespeare, William. The Tragedy of Hamlet: Price of Denmark. New York: Holt, Rinehart and Winston, 1603. Watts, Cedric. ‘†Ã¢â‚¬ËœOn the Many Interpretations of Hamlet.'†Ã¢â‚¬Ëœ William Shakespeare†Ã¢â‚¬ËœÃ¢â‚¬ s Hamlet: Bloom†Ã¢â‚¬ËœÃ¢â‚¬ s Notes, 1996 ed. Wilde, Oscar. ‘†Ã¢â‚¬ËœOn Rosencrantz and Guildenstern.'†Ã¢â‚¬Ëœ William Shakespeare†Ã¢â‚¬ËœÃ¢â‚¬ s Hamlet: Bloom†Ã¢â‚¬ËœÃ¢â‚¬ s Notes, 1996 ed.